I keep getting the same answer when googling this question (which is the percentage in a population).
is there any difference between non-synonymous SNP and mutation?
and between synonymous SNP and silent mutation?
What's the difference between their effect on protein function?
I'd appreciate a reference on the topic.
thanks.
I think you need to first understand the definitions of all the terms you have used in your question here. Understanding differences would be not easy if you don't know and understand the clear definitions.
A snp is a single base change that produces no obvious phenotype so is not subject to natural selection so the minor allele can become very common. A mutation will produce a new phenotype and the minor allele is subject to natural selection so frequently remains rare ( a possible exception is heavily inbred small populations where the change is beneficial. A useful dividing line between snp and mutation is that if the minor allele frequency is more than 1% then the change is a snp
I think reading this article that compares and explains exactly what you are asking would be better. SNP can have a phenotype and can be subject to natural selection. But the definitions are not very clear.Article Defining “mutation” and “polymorphism” in the era of personal genomics
see the previous discussion (2013) on RG :
https://www.researchgate.net/post/What_is_the_difference_between_polymorphism_and_a_mutation
"à toute fin utile" a chapter on this topic (deposited on RG in 2021) :
Chapter Mutations and Polymorphisms: What Is The Difference?
A mutation is the event of a change in the DNA sequence. It can lead to a single nucleotide change, deletion, insertion and so on….
A SNP refers to single nucleotide differences between 2 or more individuals. So a point mutation can give rise to a SNP. The SNP will become evident when comparing 2 individuals or more that have different nucleotides in the same position in their genome, this can be used for population studies, finger printing, molecular markers and so on….
Point mutations can be both silent or they can also confer some phenotypic difference. Some cases were they have a difference in expression might be frame shifting, amino acid change but it could also generate the same amino acid and then it would be silent.
so the issue is that both concept refer to different things, one (SNP) refers to a comparison between individual or populations and the other is an event that changes one nucleotide.
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