It's a known fact that the Miller / Urey experiments

yielded amino acids, building blocks of peptides

and proteins. Recently a team was able to create

RNA letters in a similar setting.

http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2017/04/04/1700010114

The Miller-Urey experiments

https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-10/iu-me101308.php

https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-03/uoc--psg031611.php

https://phys.org/news/2014-06-stanley-miller-forgotten.html

Other:

https://phys.org/news/2016-05-chemists-evidence-rna-life.html

https://phys.org/news/2012-02-scientist-life-began-freshwater-pond.html

https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2015-07/giot-fto071915.php

http://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2011/SM/C0SM01354D

https://phys.org/news/2011-10-pumice-home-life-hypothesis-astrobiology.html

http://www.nature.com/nchem/journal/v7/n3/full/nchem.2155.html

https://phys.org/news/2015-01-micropore-labyrinths-crucibles-life.html

http://www.pnas.org/content/113/16/4272.full

Regards,

Joachim

It's a known fact that the Miller / Urey experiments

yielded amino acids, building blocks of peptides

and proteins. Recently a team was able to create

RNA letters in a similar setting.

http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2017/04/04/1700010114

The Miller-Urey experiments

https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-10/iu-me101308.php

https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-03/uoc--psg031611.php

https://phys.org/news/2014-06-stanley-miller-forgotten.html

Other:

https://phys.org/news/2016-05-chemists-evidence-rna-life.html

https://phys.org/news/2012-02-scientist-life-began-freshwater-pond.html

https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2015-07/giot-fto071915.php

http://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2011/SM/C0SM01354D

https://phys.org/news/2011-10-pumice-home-life-hypothesis-astrobiology.html

http://www.nature.com/nchem/journal/v7/n3/full/nchem.2155.html

https://phys.org/news/2015-01-micropore-labyrinths-crucibles-life.html

http://www.pnas.org/content/113/16/4272.full

Regards,

Joachim

Miller's apparatus will give some clue to understand the primordial soup of biological evolution. The life is itself is the energy derived from the chemical energy. The factory for energy production is Mitochondrion which liberates that ATP energy it is the usable energy of living cell to exhibit all the life factors... in addition to this we need to study the cosmology, Earth sciences, biology and genetics.

It might be irrelevant to say so, but it might be very difficult to define what was life in such a context.

I cannot recall the chemicals involved but they included mercury and chromium, however I remember a demonstration which involved blobs of mercury in a yellowish solution of somthing. When the professor dropped a 'food' substance, an insoluble compound or salt into the solution, it fell to the bottom where some of the mercury blobs contacted the "food' and catalyzed a reaction which added more metallic mercury* to their mass and threw them into action bouncing around. This resulted in them merging with other mercury blobs, and splitting into more mercury blobs. It was like amoebas. But was it life?

The life forms which we see on earth today probably first appeared in highly reduced almost totally oxygen free environments. But does the presence of amino acids** mark the actual presence of blobs which did not only do all three of these things, but also eventually formed species via natural selection (that is, that started to evolve in the Darwinian context)? Maybe that came much much later. 

* I do not recall if the actual mercury retained in their ‘bodies’ was from the solution or from the insoluble ‘food’.

** There seem to be amino acids floating around in space. 

That's an interesting experiment Lewis Maccarter. I believe that it has to do with life since it can be described as the dissipation of a chemical potential. Life today dissipates both a chemical and photon potential. The experiment, however, would eventually come to an equilibrium in which there was no more internal macroscopic dynamics or chemical reactions and we would have to say that the blobs "died". If a constant external chemical potential could be maintained over the system, then the blobs could "live" on forever.

The experiment is known as mercury beating heart.

A similar life analog are the ICHELLs by Lee Cronin.

http://www.mnn.com/green-tech/research-innovations/stories/scientist-creates-lifelike-cells-out-of-metal

https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn20906-life-like-cells-are-made-of-metal/

http://www.chem.gla.ac.uk/cronin/media/papers/Cooper2011AngewChem.pdf

Regards,

Joachim

 Dear Karo

Please, read in the following links:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1664691/

and :

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1664683/

Good Luck

  my dear, i agree with Joachim

You can google it easily.

Regards

Like Dr. Hassaan, I have also wondered about why we do not use Google Scholar instead of research gate.

I eventually realized that there are many reasons. Research gate is live. It is more recent than most research. It is an especially good place to start or to satisfy your curiosity about fields that are peripheral to yours (as well as about techniques). It has personality and leads to new ideas and it makes contacts. (It is sometimes a bit weird too. The question*, "Is human evolution have purpose" has attracted thousands of responses, and now a special committee is being proposed.)

This query by Dr. Michaelian is especially suitable. Of course he can use Google too.

* At least I think the human evolution posting is a question.

One important question is; how much oxygen was around at the beginning of life since oxygen and its derivative ozone are among very few gases that could have provided a UV-C/UV-B shield. The consensus is that there was no important amount of oxygen or ozone since oxygenic photosynthesis did not exist and the oxygen produced via non-biotic means (such as UV lysis of water) would have been quickly used up in the formation of oxidation products. There are people, however, (like Kenneth Towe of the Smithsonian Institute) who dispute this.

Here is some literature on this:

https://phys.org/news/2014-05-oxygen-exoplanet-atmospheres-life.html

https://phys.org/news/2017-03-early-earth-hazy-methane-filled-atmosphere.html

http://news.mit.edu/2016/oxygen-first-appearance-earth-atmosphere-0513

https://phys.org/news/2016-02-oxygen-atmosphere-earlier-previously-assumed.html

https://phys.org/news/2016-05-earth-atmosphere-oxygenated.html

https://phys.org/news/2015-12-life-earth-oxygen.html

https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2017-02/uoe-llo013117.php

https://phys.org/news/2016-05-oxygen-earth-atmosphere.html

https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22329792.700-oxygen-oasis-for-early-life-found-in-ancient-rock/

http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v506/n7488/full/nature13068.html

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-3365610/Life-trickled-Earth-exploding-existence-Oxygen-levels-took-100-million-years-rise-trigger-evolution.html

Regards,

Joachim