Dear KS, your question is very pertinent but I doubt , sprinkler irrigation will be handy under such circumstances where water scarcity is a pivotal issue, since sprinkler  irrigation is  a type of rainfall -like pressurised irrigation  . In-line drip irrigation probably holds far  more promise than sprinkler irrigation . Sprinkler irrigation consumes  more water than drip irrigation . however , with some of the developments in sprinkler irrigation like whirligig sprinkler , gun sprinkler, perforated pipes etc., it has shown some good promise . Provision of real time  pulsing as per diurnal variation in  temperature, VRT , sprinkler irrigation has attained some real utility in field. Despite all these developments , issues relating  droplet ballistics  are still un-resolved. Find below some PDFs , hope , they will be of some further use .

Annop Kumar has indicted very good points and refereed some good works. Sub-surface irrigation could also be a good alternative under some circumstances. However, every irrigation system has some advantages as well as deficiencies. Researchers still have to struggle to meet the new developments and climatic changes ahead in certain areas.

In drip irrigation, in order to avoid evaporation from the the plant roots, the upper layer of the soil around the plant has to be covered with thin cover of plastic/organic waste. It will help to reduce the evaporation on the one hand and consumption of water on the other hand. It is in practiced in India especially in Western Maharashtra.

It is a good practice to save irrigation water because it will help to increase the irrigation interval.

Dr Nazir very pertinent you are on the subject . Our biggest problem with sprinkler irrigation is that water droplets very often get evaporated either before touching the soil or before touching the leaf surfaces , thereby , adding to the consumptive use of water , irrespective of crop , soil , and climatic conditions.  Sometimes , excess of moisture either within the orchard/field   or interplant spaces , pre-disposes the occurrence of many diseases. Apart from mechanisation of sprinkler irrigation , agronomic  responses including the water use efficiency in terms of water consumed for per unit production of plant biomass  of annuals/perennials in a variety of soils needs immediate evaluation , which I feel Dr Sathiskumar will agree.  

These two methods can not make water reserve in the water sheet.

Dear Satishkumar

Thank you, Your  question is very interesting. I completely agree with the Anoop Kumar.

Sprinkler irrigation Limited use, Although widely used. Evaporation, wind, high consumption, it is moving risers and other equipment are limitations. So, I completely agree with the Dr Anoop Kumar.

good luck

Thanks for every one who responded,  any new irrigation methods are newly rising in the field ? Because I completely agree with sprinkler irrigation which has lot of disadvantages. But subsurface irrigation is good for reducing water consumption, which reduce water consumption on filed.

One of my co other Mr Sivakumar Janen has written a book on this, I think he uploaded the book in his profile pl

There is also a need to define the effectiveness of different micro-irrigation systems in terms of both nutrient as well as water use efficiency , coupled with other agronomic response including different  quality parameters. The micro-irrigation systems have an added advantages to lessen the impact of salinity buildup  or saline water can be effectively used , depending upon the choice of the crop.

The major loss in sprinkler irrigation systems is spray evaporation losses from the time the water leaves the nozzle until it reaches the ground provided the correct amount is applied to meet the irrigation capacity of the soil.  Drop tubes have considerably decreased these losses.  

The above canopy spray evaporation losses (ACSEL) were measured in a multi-year field study for different sprinkler irrigation systems. Traveling gun systems lost 6 to 10% through evaporation.  However, when groundwater at a temperature of 8 C is used as the source for irrigation it resulted in 1 to 2% gains rather than losses because the dew point temperature of the atmosphere was above the water temperature.  These results indicate the early evening or night irrigation can substantially decrease evaporation losses.

A link to this research is presented below where you can download the full text:

http://www.csbe-scgab.ca/publications/cbe-journal/browse/3477-spray-evaporation-losses-from-sprinkler-irrigation-systems