Dear Dr. Meena Potdar... Thank ypu for inviting me to this discussion... My simple answer is... needs increase of tree planting in the no used territory... Trying do develop such of agriculture method witch usable in dessert condition, develop methods for agriculture in marine condition...

Changes according to the conditions / constraints based on the field of work !!!!

Fine if any sensor based agriculture application collaborative work let me know ...

we cam discuss further ....

Dear Dr. Meena Potdar... Thank ypu for inviting me to this discussion... My simple answer is... needs increase of tree planting in the no used territory... Trying do develop such of agriculture method witch usable in dessert condition, develop methods for agriculture in marine condition...

On a global scale this is a very broad question which will require many different solutions depending on where the agriculture is.

Dr.Meenaji,

Very recently I watched some inline interviews, the global warming handling is on the higher level....whereas changing crop pattern is at very ground level. Unfortunately, authorities are divided (in common man's mind) obviously due to non-global thinking level as: govt. will think for the global warming and farmer will take decision for crops.

Now, the third one can be at technical level---what technologies can reduce CO2 emission / green house gases ?

How to increase the moisture level of farm/crops ?

How to save water/ reuse water / monitor water use (like IoT-internet of things development) etc...

So, I just finished one research paper with inline problems and solution.

We need to develop segmented policies for the individual case.

After all, one day we need one global policy to reduce the impact of environmental imbalance, use of renewable energy generation, more than sufficient plantation etc..

We are in process to form one social committee for same purpose. It is very unfortunate that some people cannot even realize the future impact on next generation. How our children and their next generation will sustain...IMPOSSIBLE.

I am glad to see more people on this research gate who knows/can see future.

How we feel if rice become 1000/- per KG or tomatos $100/kg? This will happen if we fail to handle it.

Comming to the point, atleast plantation is necessary as an immediate step, not only plantation but taking care of adopted plants is important.

Next, if we tell any farmer that dont cultivate sugarcane if less water reserviors or less rain fall. He will do that as sugarcane gives more money to him. 

But, think if sugar prize goes down to 10 Rs/kg then no one will cultivate sugar, again after some years or withing couple of years shortage of sugar may occur so business will come in the form of black sugar market.

So, the ideal solution, you can say theorotical solution is keeping or controlling cost for each crop on some mean value.

Now, again unfortunately, we are not the one who can decide all these things. "Transparency" is more valuable than "GOLD" now a days.

Farmer just knows about rain/ rain prediction though he hardly completes pre-primary education but what is our use even after lots of education? We need some social power with transparency to take a good step.

Right now farmers are prediction less, they need to practice at least rain water harvesting at the moment, there is now need of soil testing, there is need of sensors to identify (necessary moisture level) if crop needs water or not because day by day farmer cannot be able to provide ample of water. 

But, even we focusing on smart cities, we must look back to rural development (at least keep rural area as it is in terms of environment) facilities are always welcome but next generation farmers are more attracted to smart cities. One day, Farmer will take huge package than any CEO in future.

But, we all are on global border, either we need to go back or future is very dark in terms of environment. 

I will share my paper once it's up.

And requesting everyone, please come together for next generations to save our planet.

I want to keep this brief, but wish I could share more information in this limiterd space.  You ask, "What type of changes in agricultural practices (are) necessary to tackle (with) global warming?"

I am curious if you have actually been tracking the real data on the subject?  Not the "data" we are bing force fed by governments and special interests, I mean the real, hard data on "global warming."  I have!  And, I have been watching its relationship to the normal cycles of the sun for earth, and its effects on the other planets in our solar system.  At every scale (except for the 1 year scale) it is either neutral or cooling on average, and the same holds true for the other planets.  But, if you will take a look at the data being tracked at the 100,000 year scale, not only are we not warming, we are cooling.  We are entering, at the expected point in the cycle, a new ice age.

True, it will take some time for us to get fully into it, but we ar unmistakably headed down in temperature, and have been for more than a century.  And, it is perfectly correlated with the normal cycles of the sun, which cycles on many scales including decades, centuries, millennia and hundreds of millennia.  Whet ever the earth does in a given year, is precisely what every rocky planet in our solar system dies.  And, even on those years when our planet is warmer, since the other rocky planets are also warmer, I have a real hard time believing we, here on ear, could have that kind of far reaching impact through the vacuum of space.

Dear Dr Potdar,

I am pretty against the norm of changing agricultural practices per se. While reduced  water consumption will increase yield.  Less chemicals is always better for human consumption and reduced soil contamination.  Cyclical crops are a practice !!!

Dear Dr.  Meena 

 thank you for sharing this important issue 

1- technology and techniques to develop vertical intensive production

2-  to  work on breeding of varieties resisting heat or withstand changes

3- to minimize crop losses on harvesting and storage and handling of crops   or agri- products

4- to minimize food losses and food waste     

5- food preservation technology to overcome spoilage and food contamination 

It is not only the responsibility of agriculturalists I think many many  scientists are involved 

my best regards 

 SAIF

Dear László-Attila,

I agree with you, of course, but I would add... increase of NATIVE tree planting. We would have less use of water, agrotoxic products, and others.

Climate change is brought about by an increase in CO2 gas. A decrease in CO2 emissions would be desirable, but if we have more plants (in deserts areas, for instance), this gas can be absorbed and would not cause a rise in temperature.

As predicting weather is nearly impossible, one cannot suggest alternative agricultural practices to combat climate change.

1- Tree plantation in vacant places with special emphasis on Agroforestry where crop is already being sown.

2-Crop water stress identification using  satellite or airborne Remote Sensing which could be correlated with Carbon di oxide and Methane.

3-Encouragement and new developments in use of natural fertilisers in place of chemical ones.

4- Natural resource management using remote sensing and modelling of future scenarios for policy making keeping in view the climate change.

Above mentioned may be some of the measures to tackle global warming with agricultural practises.

Your question is really valid , and deserves much greater attention , especially when  consequences of global warming is involved. However , it is claimed such global warming will help in cereals production . But that is not the subject of discussion . Let me add my own opinions about the issue , you raised Dr Meena Potdar:

* Redefine the recommended doses of fertilizers(RDF) , since most of the RDFs are very old. However , soil test based prediction models can better deal with this  issue ,but it needs to be revisited in terms of providing updated RDFs for different crops to real end -users.  

* Redefine the criteria and monitoring criteria for sustainability of cropping sequence in a given farming system .

* Land-Use-Planning and ecosystem service must go hand-in-hand, with cropping sequence to be more more resource-based , with minimum fallow.

* Stricter implementation of conservation agriculture , coupled with zero tillage , crop-based microbial consortium etc...

* Intensive cultivation of fertile soils and extensive cultivation of lesser fertile soils. 

* Develop updated Life Table for major pests and pathogens , with their modelling for  forecasting outbreak s.

* Water harvesting provisions for contingency irrigation .

* Meteorological forecasting to be made more precise with occurrence of extreme events. 

There could be many more ...but these are few that strike immediately...

The intensive tree planting and increasing the vegetative cover is the only solution to future farming and good monsoon rains. For this organic farming coupled with input management and higher water fertilizer use efficient technologies are the solutions. 

Staying closed to the nature is the one and only solution to almost all hitech problems we face today, according to me.Massive plantation of native varieties of trees with densed canopy can certainly help reducing global warming. In this plantation week (1-7 july) hope we all have contributed our own shares to reduce global warming. If not, lets plant a tree today itself and lets try to minimise the use of CO, CO2 emitting equipments as far as possible.

One inveitable consequence of advanced climate change will be the conversion of pristine wilderness into agricultural land.  This will also necessitate a migration northwards into the Arctic tundra.

If the worst case scenario is made out by the end of the century large zones now capable of supporting agriculture will be rendered complete desert or semi-arid zones capable of sustaning very limited agriculture.  Meanwhile other zones, such as the tundra will become capable of large scale agricultural use.

It is more likely however that technology will produce solutions in the form of far hardier crops that will survive in arid regions.  Extensive and very large scale irrigation will be employed to keep land fertile and genetic modification will pervent threats from pests and a harsher climate.   

In either case the problems will be eradicated or at least ameliorated.  Ir is also unlikely that the most severe predictions will ever materialise.

Dear Meena Madam

YOu know that Rice is staple crop of india and growing in large area under transplanted conditions which involve water logged situations. It emits lots of methane to atmosphere.

Recent technologies shown that aerobic rice can be grown very well with lesser irrigation water under aerobic conditions can produce equivalent yield. 

It can save scarce natural resource like irrigation water and also reduce the global warming gasses.

Dear Dr Meena Potdar,

1. No cutting down more forests for agricultural production. 2. Planting more trees per unit of land used for crops. 3 No burning of crops or crop residues. 4. Reduce livestock production, 5. Producing crops closer to consumer centers. 

I compliment Dr.Meena Potdar for putting up good question and colleagues for many interesting comments/suggestions .

Dear Madam,

Practices that increase soil organic matter can improve soil productivity. Practices that reduce soil temperature and evaporation are crucial to increase water productivity. Minimizing runoff should be considered. One of the best practice that provide those services is conservation agriculture. Conservation agriculture has more benefit than the benefits aforementioned. Promoting conservation agriculture that integrates other in situ soil and water conservation tillage practices (e.g. raised bed planting systems) is an important strategy to tackle the impacts of global warming on agricultural productivity. 

1) Characterization of HT varieties 2) Quick modern ways to breed for HT 3)Exogenous application of osmoprotectants or compatible solutes at critical growth stages 4) Conservation Agr Practices 

Dear Dr. Meena Potdar,

The studies attached could be of your interest.  

Kind regards.

Chapter Comparative Sustainability Assessment of Extensive Beef Catt...

Chapter Organic Livestock Farming: Challenges, Perspectives, And Str...

Data Comparative Sustainability Assessment of Extensive Beef Catt...

Article Beef Cattle Farms’ Conversion to the Organic System. Recomme...

Dear Dr. Meena,

You raised a nice question. Its covers a broad area for discussion. 1st have a analyses the geography where you looking for agriculture. Accordingly planed. If I answer in a single word is a Sustainable agricultural with conservation practises have to follow.

Generally, I would say that we need to focus on increased efficiencies in the use of inputs like fertilisers, pesticides, insecticides, etc., and combine that with the need to have more tree-based systems in agriculture. These agricultural chemicals are needed in a lot of instances for increasing production; however we need to be careful that we are not using them in ways that pollute underground water, or create environmental hazards in other domains. There should also be targeted efforts to reduce emissions in particular problem areas of agriculture with regard to global warming. Livestock production systems would be one such area that needs to be targeted for more climate-smart interventions.

Kwesi Atta-Krah

For me it depends on the political, social and cultural set up the existed country.

For-instance a country like Ethiopia needs more of diversified type of agricultural technologies development and creating a specialization corners with irrigation. 

Developing stress tolerant type of varieties for crop and livestock keeping with productive breed selection.

On the other side: applying watershed management, nutrient management of agronomic practices, conservation tillage, crop rotation can help for productivity with the existing environmental variability.

But still the best one is  land management policy; this can help to identify which corner of the country should engage in agricultural production, while which will be used for industrial development. On such away more productive corners will be identified for future sustainable development in agricultural system. Yet this can help scientists to develop different varieties in a multi stakeholder manner (Participatory type).

The other direction is creating an employment opportunity to absorb the labor force from small scale farm so that there will be a comparative advantage created for large scale farming system with scale of production to feed the future generation with high demand oriented production output. In this case technological application will be managed for application.      

Dear Dr. Meena jee

Following are the solution

The India Government had implemented compulsory of Neem Coated Urea for all Fertilizers Plant,

More Neem Coated Urea

More demand of Neem Oil

More Plantation of Neem Trees

1.       Tree Plantation

2.       Less use of pesticides

3.       Use coated urea

4.       Use Bio Fertilizers

5.       Use organic fertilizers

6.       To Control waste of food

7.       To use Food preservation Technology

8.       Use Bio char instead of burning of crops residues

Regards,

Prem Baboo

In short, Yes.

Crop rotation has long been the norm for agriculture but in a changing climate it is a must to re-evaluate the crops used.  We will only make the problem worse if we do not do this now.  As time goes on there are going to be more and more crops that fail because of the changing climate.  This means less food and more starvation.

This should be a vary large concern in the world and thank you for bringing up the question.

George 

We need to adopt climate smart agriculture concept. The improved crop management practices as explained by Prem Baboo can considerably reduce the emission of green house gasses due to reduced dependence on energy needs. In addition intensification of perennial horticultural crops will help in sequestering carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Further emphasis need to be put on developing the crop, agro-ecological region and season-based technologies to reduce the impacts and increase the resilience of horticultural production systems to climate change. To address the adverse impacts of climate change on productivity and quality of horticultural crops we need to develop sound adaptation strategies. Few crops such as coconut, arecanut, datepalm, oilpalm, tuber crops, aloe vera, many ornamental plants are known to be candidate crops for storing carbon for ever.

On top of what have been responded, which were almost practiced so far, a considerable attention must be given to basic science discoveries and innovations that may come up with new approaches how to mitigate or produce climate change resistant varieties or methodologies. One best approach I always visualize is changing the working spirit of researchers in the world, for the climate change/global worming is a common problem that has to be put first. Therefore, team spirit of scholars from different disciplines (geneticists, breeders, eco-physiologists, biotechnologists, ecologists...) and countries of developing and developed must be strongly developed. The out put (discoveries and innovations)  must be appreciated at global level. I believe annual plants have been selected for milliona for their higher production in short period and still we are being forced by global warming to select the early maturing ones. However, unreliable rainfall may not support even the early maturing crops tomorrow unless interventions are made. Lets take sorghum, it is a perennial crop that better resists both drought and high heat, but selection is favouring for the early forms. We also have many perrenial forms still serving as food source and we need to sway to the least susceptible to annual climatic changes to secure a year or more time food source. Such work demands to have ample germplasm to work with and well experienced scholars in doing so. Thus, I invite to come together from different corners of the world with the wealth we have to challenge the challenging wold we have today.

Thank you for the issue being raised!

Dr Malhotra very good response , i do agree with the concept  climate smart agriculture , where use of green technologies hold centre stage . While doing so , never forget the conventional technologies to be domesticated towards addressing the issues emerging out of negative or positive consequences of global warming .  Needless to say , with increasing carbon dioxide concentration , cereals will be hugely benefitted , but we need to look at the rising temperature with increase in carbon dioxide concentration . Climate smart agriculture in this connection seems quiite apt .

The article attached by Fibl, FAO, and Rodale Institute might be useful for people investigating climate smart agriculture. Rattan Lal estimated that based on Ohio State Long Term Maize no till results the conversion of world crop agriculture could mitigate about 10% of excess load from fossil fuel consumption. The long term estimate for potential sequestration was 330 kg C per hectare. If we extrapolate that figure for cover cropping which can triple the amount of conventional no till, compost which can triple that number and the use of biochar which can triple that once can envision the Global Agricultural system can remediate the present enrichment with Greenhouse Gases in the atmosphere. Note I said nothing about pasturelands which represent three times the potential area of crop land and forests. Although we need to continue to mitigate use of fossil fuel energy and improve energy efficiency I would suggest the big ticket is sequestration available in a new generation of agriculture which would focus on the core climate issues through primarily Carbon sequestration and secondarily on continuing to reduce emission sources. Just changing coal electrical based system to natural gas would eliminate about one half of the issue in the United States and solar and wind need to be a continuing priority in this mix. No one strategy or technique will be able to resolve this issue but the fact that it is now a focus is very encouraging. 

Dear Dr. Meena

I think it should be increased to plant trees and plants more than human number weakening because it Responsible for deodorizations

If that governments issue is that every citizen has to take care of a one tree   in his life could have been from everyone contributing deodorizations

Regards