Regarding Christian or Catholic thought, google Thomism or Thomistic Philosophy.

There are a number of philosophies that support religious thought. The most prominent is Existentialism as referenced by philosophers like Kierkegaard and Tillich. They spoke of the meaning of faith, the relationship between creation and the creator, and the human condition.

A significant number of philosophers have contributed to religious thought. For instance, conceptions of God as the Supreme Being (St. Augustine), the Supreme Person (Brightman), the Supreme Process (Whitehead), the Supreme Idea, Reason, or Mind (Hegel), and Being Itself (Tillich) represent various philosophical arguments for the existence of God. These are often complemented by naturalistic arguments for the existence of God, such as those proposed by Thomas Aquinas.

The study of philosophy traditionally focuses on four major branches: epistemology, metaphysics, axiology, and logic. Christian philosophy offers a comprehensive view of the world by engaging with these branches, particularly discussing metaphysics (the study of the fundamental nature of reality), epistemology (the theory of knowledge), and axiology (the theory of values, including ethics, aesthetics, and economics). Consequently, Christianity philosophically competes with systems such as Platonism, Aristotelianism, empiricism, rationalism, skepticism, materialism, monism, pluralism, secular humanism, Marxism, and other philosophical traditions.