Grain growth in high-temperature aging of metals and all other materials is explained by one of the fundamental physics concepts: Gibbs energy. Any system tends to decrease its energy (towards a minimum Gibbs energy). Larger-grained material has lower Gibbs energy than smaller-grained material, so the grains grow as soon as the temperature allows.

HI KARTHIK,

the decrease in grain boundary energy causes grain growth to occur after recrystallization.Large grains grow at the expense of small grains.

Grain Boundary area decreases => Decrease in Grain Boundary Energy

This is unfavourable phenomenon,which might lead to drastic decrease in strength.

thanks & regards,

g.sudhakar

phd(materials engineering)

hcu.

HI Karthick

The driving force for this grain growth mechanism is usually considered to be the stored energy gradient between neighboring grains, which is known to depend also on grain orientations.

thanks & regards,

g.sudhakar

phd(materials engineering)

hcu.

The driving force of growing grain in metals during annealing at elevated temperatures has different parts:

The difference between the energy stored at 'eaten' grain and the one, which is undergoing 'eating'.

Curvature of the grain boundary is storing energy too. Hence, it can become a driving force when it gets shorter and/or less rugged.

It can be uneventful distribution of temperatures within the specimen.

Uneventful distribution of impurities.

Uneventful distribution & creation of dislocations at certain critical places and due to tensions caused by non-uniform temperature distribution.

The list goes on.

PS The visualization can be found in my PhD thesis and software rewritten by Jakub Tkáč.

How can I get access to your PhD thesis and the software by Jakub Rkac?

The software rewritren from the original Cellular/Cellang language into C++ & Qt visualizing library by Jakub Tkac, which was defined and its physics was explained in the depth in my PhD thesis, is here:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316989956_Cellular_Automaton_Simulation_of_Dynamic_Recrystallization_Introduction_into_Self-Organization_and_Emergence

The first answer should be extended, as I did realize after its submission.

In the paper Kroc: "Application of Cellular Automata Simulations to Modelling of Dynamic Recrystallization" (available on RG orifile) the citation [13] is

Sakai, T., Jonas, J.J.: Dynamic recrystallization: mechanical and microstructural considerations. Acta. Metall. 32 (1984) 189–209

Which can be assumed as the gold standard ifreviewing physics that governs recrystallization processes.

All types of recrystallization are covered in my thesis:

Kroc, J.: Simulation of Dynamic Recrystallization by Cellular Automata. PhD Thesis. Charles University, Prague, 2001

Both can be found at those links on here:

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/000161608490049X

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311733496_Simulation_of_Dynamic_Recrystallization_by_Cellular_Automata

The newest Sakai review

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0079642513000698

The physics is described there in high depth, which can help to dive deeply into the subject. It seems to be to the point, I did not know it.

Recrystallization after deformation is a thermally activated process with statistical reorientation of small atomic domains.

Here is the link to Jakub Tkac thesis:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317236033_Design_and_Implementation_of_Cellular_Automaton_Simulating_Dynamic_Recrystallization_in_czech