**Title: Understanding Tidal Forces: Nature's Invisible Hand**
**Abstract:**
Tidal forces, a consequence of gravitational interaction between celestial bodies, play a crucial role in shaping various aspects of our planet and the universe. This article provides an in-depth exploration of tidal forces, their mechanisms, effects, and significance in astronomy, geology, and oceanography. Through a blend of scientific explanation and real-world examples, we elucidate the intricate workings of tidal forces, shedding light on their influence on Earth's oceans, the formation of celestial bodies, and the dynamics of cosmic structures. Furthermore, we discuss recent advancements in tidal force research and its implications for understanding the fundamental forces governing the universe.
**Introduction:**
Tidal forces, often described as the gentle tug of celestial bodies, hold profound importance in our understanding of the cosmos. Stemming from the gravitational interaction between massive objects, tidal forces exhibit a remarkable influence on various natural phenomena, ranging from the rhythmic rise and fall of ocean tides to the shaping of galaxies and planetary systems. In this article, we embark on a journey to unravel the mysteries of tidal forces, exploring their origins, manifestations, and significance across different scales of the universe.
**Origins and Mechanisms:**
At its core, tidal force arises from the gravitational attraction between two celestial bodies, resulting in a deformation of their respective structures. The differential gravitational pull experienced across the bodies leads to the phenomenon known as tidal deformation. For instance, when a moon orbits a planet, the gravitational pull on the near and far sides of the moon varies, causing tidal bulges to form. This asymmetrical distribution of mass generates tidal forces that exert a torque on the orbiting bodies, influencing their rotational dynamics.
**Effects on Earth:**
On Earth, tidal forces manifest primarily through the gravitational interaction between the Moon, Sun, and our planet. The gravitational pull of the Moon creates tidal bulges in Earth's oceans, giving rise to the familiar phenomenon of ocean tides. Additionally, the Sun's gravitational influence contributes to the complex tidal patterns observed on our planet. Tidal forces not only govern the rhythmic ebb and flow of tides but also play a crucial role in oceanic circulation, coastal erosion, and marine ecosystems.
**Cosmic Significance:**
Beyond Earth, tidal forces sculpt the landscapes of celestial bodies and drive dynamic processes in the cosmos. In planetary systems, tidal interactions between moons and their parent planets lead to orbital resonances, tidal heating, and even the eventual disruption of moons. Tidal forces also influence the formation and evolution of galaxies, triggering the accretion of interstellar gas and shaping the distribution of stars within galactic structures.
**Recent Advances and Future Prospects:**
Advancements in observational astronomy and computational modeling have enabled scientists to gain deeper insights into tidal force phenomena. High-resolution simulations and space-based telescopes have provided unprecedented views of tidal interactions in distant galaxies and planetary systems. Moreover, ongoing missions to study tidal forces in our solar system, such as NASA's Europa Clipper mission, promise to unveil new discoveries about the dynamics of icy moons and their subsurface oceans.
**Conclusion:**
In conclusion, tidal forces represent a fundamental aspect of the gravitational interaction between celestial bodies, exerting a pervasive influence on the dynamics of the universe. From the rhythmic ebb and flow of ocean tides to the sculpting of galaxies and planetary systems, tidal forces shape the fabric of our cosmic environment. By delving deeper into the mechanisms and effects of tidal forces, we expand our understanding of the intricate interplay between gravitational forces and the evolution of celestial phenomena.
**References:**
- Darwin, G. H. (1879). On the Tidal Friction of a Planet Attended by Several Satellites, and on the Evolution of the Solar System from the Primeval State. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 170, 447-538.
- Goldreich, P., & Soter, S. (1966). Q in the Solar System. Icarus, 5(4), 375-389.
- Murray, C. D., & Dermott, S. F. (1999). Solar System Dynamics (Vol. 30). Cambridge University Press.
- Greenberg, R. (2009). Tidal Heating of Satellites. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 47(1), 1-40.
The Earth's crust is heterogeneous and there are faults and blocks in it, they collide and “dive” one under the other... The planet rotates around the Sun and around its axis.
The Moon moves "around" the Earth and the Moon is subject to "libration". The Sun, the Moon, the blocks of the Earth... - it all has mass.
Soviet scientist N.A. Kozyrev studied the correlation between the tectonics of the Earth and the Moon and pointed out the presence of synchronicity in their tectonics.
There are no mechanical connections between the Moon, Sun, and Earth.
However, we see the displacement of large water masses on Earth “following the Sun” and following the Moon. This shows the presence of a gravitational connection between the attraction of masses (Sun, Earth, Moon...). Their attraction corresponds to the physical formula of gravitational mutual attraction of masses.
It should be taken into account that the solid Earth's crust has a density more than 2.5 times that of water and, accordingly, there is a gravitational force of attraction between these masses.
The mutual attraction and movement of masses, and the presence of faults along which mass displacements occur, is the main force of resonances that cause earthquakes.
Земная кора неоднородна и в ней есть разломы, блоки, они сталкиваются и "ныряют" один под другой... Планета вращается вокруг Солнца и вокруг своей оси.
Луна движется "вокруг" Земли и Луна подвержена "либрации". Солнце, Луна, блоки Земли... - это все имеет массу.
Советский ученый Н.А. Козырев изучал корреляцию между тектоникой Земли и Луны и указал на наличие синхронности в их тектонике.
Нет никаких механических связей между Луной, Солнцем, Землей.
Однако мы видим смещение больших водных масс на Земле "вслед за Солнцем" и вслед за Луной. Это показывает наличие гравитационной связи притяжения масс (Солнца, Земли, Луны...). Их притяжение соответствует физической формуле гравитационного взаимопритяжения масс.
Надо учесть, что твердая Земная кора имеет плотность более чем в 2,5 раза, чем вода и соответственно наличествует гравитационная сила притяжения между указанными массами.
Взаимное притяжение и движение масс, и наличие разломов по которым происходят смещения масс, это главная сила резонансов, вызывающих землетрясения.
Nice Alexandra
Give me new inside
Space time is connection between sun, moon and earth that is manifold
In my preprint 'Gravity and electrostatics' on RG the gravity force is proposed as an electrostatic force making the earth a dipole. These dipoles attract the highly polar water molecules in the oceans and cause the two opposing bulges on the oceans. With the classical Newtonian gravity only one bulge is possible proving that the gravity force cannot cause the tidal movements, the gravity force is also much too weak for the displacement of these massive volumes of water.
I'm forwarding the AI's response to the forum.
ChatGPT 3.5
📷
"You
Здравствуйте, уважаемая GPT 3.5 Я прошу вас сделать приближенный расчет силы притяжения Луны к Земле.
ChatGPT
ChatGPT
Конечно, с удовольствием помогу с этим расчетом.
Сила притяжения между Луной и Землей можно вычислить с использованием закона всемирного притяжения Ньютона. Формула для расчета этой силы выглядит следующим образом:
�=�×�1×�2�2F=G×r2m1×m2
Где:
- �F - сила притяжения между Луной и Землей,
- �G - гравитационная постоянная, приблизительно 6.674×10−11 Н⋅м2/кг26.674×10−11Н⋅м2/кг2,
- �1m1 и �2m2 - массы Луны и Земли соответственно,
- �r - расстояние между центрами масс Луны и Земли.
Масса Луны �1≈7.35×1022 кгm1≈7.35×1022кг, а масса Земли �2≈5.972×1024 кгm2≈5.972×1024кг. Расстояние между центрами масс Луны и Земли составляет приблизительно �≈384,400 кмr≈384,400км (среднее расстояние между ними).
Подставляя значения в формулу, мы можем вычислить приближенную силу притяжения:
�=6.674×10−11×7.35×1022×5.972×1024(384,400×103)2F=6.674×10−11×(384,400×103)27.35×1022×5.972×1024
�≈1.99×1020 НF≈1.99×1020Н
Таким образом, приближенная сила притяжения между Луной и Землей составляет около 1.99×1020 Н1.99×1020Н.
📷
You
Напомните, пожалуйста размерность Н.
ChatGPT
Конечно, единица измерения "Н" обозначает ньютон, который является единицей измерения силы в системе Международной системы единиц (СИ). Сила, измеряемая в ньютонах, определяется как масса, умноженная на ускорение:
1 Н=1 кг×1 мс21Н=1кг×с21м
Это означает, что один ньютон — это сила, которая приложена к массе в один килограмм и приводит её к ускорению в один метр в квадрате за секунду (м/с²).
📷
You
Большое спасибо. Объедините, пожалуйста первый ответ и второй и переведите его на английский. Я это отправлю ученым и студентам на форуме ученых.
ChatGPT
"
Certainly! Here's the combined response in English:
Hello esteemed GPT 3.5,
I request you to make an approximate calculation of the gravitational force of the Moon on Earth.
Certainly, I'll assist you with this calculation.
The gravitational force between the Moon and Earth can be calculated using Newton's law of universal gravitation. The formula for calculating this force is as follows:
�=�×�1×�2�2F=G×r2m1×m2
Where:
- �F is the gravitational force between the Moon and Earth,
- �G is the gravitational constant, approximately 6.674×10−11 N⋅m2/kg26.674×10−11N⋅m2/kg2,
- �1m1 and �2m2 are the masses of the Moon and Earth respectively,
- �r is the distance between the centers of mass of the Moon and Earth.
The mass of the Moon �1≈7.35×1022 kgm1≈7.35×1022kg, and the mass of the Earth �2≈5.972×1024 kgm2≈5.972×1024kg. The distance between the centers of mass of the Moon and Earth is approximately �≈384,400 kmr≈384,400km (average distance between them).
Substituting the values into the formula, we can calculate the approximate gravitational force:
�=6.674×10−11×7.35×1022×5.972×1024(384,400×103)2F=6.674×10−11×(384,400×103)27.35×1022×5.972×1024
�≈1.99×1020 NF≈1.99×1020N
Therefore, the approximate gravitational force between the Moon and Earth is about 1.99×1020 N1.99×1020N.
Thank you! If you have any further questions or need clarification, feel free to ask."
Как Вы полагаете, этой силы достаточно, чтоб создать прилив в океане?
GPT:
Да, сила притяжения между Луной и Землей вполне достаточна для создания приливов в океане. Этот феномен называется приливами, и он обусловлен гравитационным влиянием Луны и, в меньшей степени, Солнца на Землю.
Приливы возникают из-за разницы в силе притяжения гравитационных полей Луны и Земли на разных сторонах Земли. Как следствие, вода в океанах перемещается в направлении, которое выравнивает эту разницу, создавая приливные волны.
Таким образом, сила притяжения Луны играет ключевую роль в создании приливов на Земле.
Yes, the gravitational force between the Moon and Earth is indeed sufficient to create tides in the ocean. This phenomenon is called tides, and it is caused by the gravitational influence of the Moon and, to a lesser extent, the Sun on Earth.
Tides occur due to the difference in gravitational force between the Moon and Earth's gravitational fields on different sides of the Earth. As a result, water in the oceans moves in a way that equalizes this difference, creating tidal waves.
Thus, the gravitational force of the Moon plays a key role in generating tides on Earth.
Alexandr Yagodin
It is more interesting to ask why there is a double bulge on both sides of the earth: one the side towards the moon and (at the same time) one on the opposite side.
It is absolute nonsense that the gravity force between earth and moon is sufficient to cause the massive water displacement.
It is the gravitational interaction between two or more celestial bodies, such as a planet and its moon, or a planet and a star.