Time has been traditionally seen as a constant, flowing uniformly. However, in Einstein’s theory of relativity, time is linked with space to form spacetime, and it can change depending on speed and gravity. The "arrow of time" suggests that time moves in one direction due to the increase in entropy. Despite these insights, the true nature of time—whether it's a fundamental aspect of reality or something that emerges from deeper physical processes—remains an unresolved question in both physics and philosophy.
Essentially, the mistake Einstein made, and which everyone else copycatted, was to deduce the "Relativity of Simultaneity" by treating light like bullets or ball-bearings.
I know that sounds incredible, but that is what has happened.
In a word, instead of employing c + v = c (which is the central paradox,) he (and von Laue, Pauli, Moller, Born, Susskind &c) employed (c + v), (c - v) at face value, instead.
Confer : Preprint Use of the classical speed (c - v) in the Wiki Figure purpor...
That's right. It's all a bit of a mystery. My feeling is, that because there is no "Relativity of Simultaneity" -- time is the same for us all, and Absolute. This, to me, indicates intelligent design.
Gary Stephens
I find the idea of an atemporal being that designed or created time beyond comprehension. It doesn't explain anything but just adds another mystery to what is already mysterious.
Karl Pfeifer
Dear Professor Pfeifer,
Yes it's all very baffling.
If time were constructed such that we all carry around our own personal time, as we have been misled to believe, everything is chaotic and confused. Whether an event has actually occurred, supposedly depends upon your state of motion.
What is really the case, is that light has been designed, in such a way, that there is no "Relativity of Simultaneity". It's been designed such that we don't have "two realities."
Confer, in this respect :
Preprint Precis of the proof we have an Absolute character to time an...
Time is Energy and dynamic Information; see my article "Time is Energy and Dynamic Information". Advances in Theoretical & Computational Physics, 2024-Sep-10, Volume 7, Issue 3, pp.1-2 . Dynamic Information is Information flow = H/t . (H = SHANNON's Information entropy, t = time)
GÖDEL's Theorem and Statement is: Time is an illusion, it dosn't exist.
By GOD is 1000 years as one day and one day as 1000 years (see Bible).
And GOD was, is and is in future at the same time.
Friedhelm Jöge
Let's be realistic. Time is traditionally seen as a constant that flows evenly, and neither the special nor the general theory of relativity changes this. This applies locally within each reference system. The impression of a flexible passage of time only arises when the reference system is changed or when one looks from one reference system to another reference system. However, only the local conditions are relevant for the passage of time and its consequences, and these are not changed, as the theory of relativity confirms.
To move away from a constant course of time is therefore nonsensical and would violate all fundamental laws in physics that are related to speed, kinetic energy and momentum.
Yes let's be realistic. However, space/ aero astronomics come to know that time isn't constant. Do I think right or are they in another reference system?
Friedhelm Manfred Jöge "However, space/ aero astronomics come to know that time isn't constant. Do I think right or are they in another reference system?"
No, you don't think right because all impressions that time wouldn't be constant are derived from comparing different reference systems.
Distinction between the prevailing concepts of Absolute and Relativistic Time and Clock Synchronization.
At any instant of time, we can consider our position to be located in local Laboratory Reference Frame, or in ECI Reference Frame or in Barycentric Celestial Reference Frame or in Galactic coordinate reference frame. Our physical living conditions are not affected in any way whether our physical location is referred to Laboratory, or ECI or Barycentric or Galactic Reference Frames. Similarly, the time measured by all precision clocks is independent of the fact whether their position or velocity is referred to Laboratory, or ECI or Barycentric or Galactic Reference Frames. All clocks measure the Newtonian absolute time irrespective of their position in any reference frame.
However, to support his assumption of light speed isotropy in ECI frame, Albert Einstein introduced a different notion of time in his 1905 paper. "…We have not defined a common 'time' for A and B, for the latter cannot be defined at all unless we establish by definition that the 'time' required by light to travel from A to B equals the 'time' it requires to travel from B to A". The "common time" thus defined in SR is not the absolute but relativistic time and this definition of 'time' formed the basis for relativistic synchronization convention or simply the "e-synchronization" of clocks. This arbitrary definition of relativistic time constitutes a fundamental departure from the Newtonian notion of absolute time. When the clocks at two spatially separated points A and B are adjusted or set to the relativistic time, it will ensure that the time interval measured for the light to travel from A to B will be equal to the time interval measured for the light to travel from B to A. In other words, if a group of identical clocks are adjusted or set to the relativistic time then the light speed measured with such clocks will always be isotropic. Reversing the argument, if precision time of a standard clock is distributed to a group of identical clocks through light (or EM) signals by assuming light speed isotropy in the ECI (or any other inertial) reference frame, then the time thus transferred to these clocks will be relativistic time and not the absolute time.
Relativity is essentially rooted in the assumed isotropy of light speed in earth centered inertial (ECI) reference frame. Under the current procedures of satellite based time transfer, due to the assumed isotropy of light speed in ECI frame, an e-synchronous or relativistic time gets distributed to the master clocks of Timing laboratories located all over the globe. That is, the master clocks in all Timing Labs get e-synchronized instead of achieving absolute synchronization. The absolute synchronization mismatch between two e-synchronized clocks is given by the relation (D.U)/c2, where D is the separation distance between the two clocks and U is the absolute velocity vector (unknown) of the earth.
Article Erroneous UTC Maintained by Timing Labs Due to Mix-Up Betwee...
When the frequency and phase or displayed time of two or more precision atomic clocks are adjusted to match exactly in close-by position, the clocks are said to be in absolute synchronization. Since the time and frequency of any precision atomic clock is independent of their position in any reference frame, the absolute synchronization of two or more clocks will not be disturbed by any change in their position. Therefore, when two or more precision atomic clocks are in absolute synchronization, they will display absolute time, regardless of their state of motion with respect to any observer. On the other hand, the relativistic or e-synchronization of two or more clocks will get disturbed by any change in their state of motion and this disturbance is accounted for through a hypothetical notion of Time Dilation.
Therefore, if we could practically measure the absolute velocity U of earth, then we can achieve absolute synchronization between two or more distant clocks even by satellite based time transfer methods.
Article Practical Measurement of Absolute Velocity of Earth
Most crucial aspect of the proposed experiment for practical measurement of absolute velocity of earth is the use of absolute clock synchronization. We can never measure the absolute velocity of earth or one way speed of light if we set our system clocks to relavistic time through e-synchronization.
Practical measurement of absolute velocity of earth will validate Newtonian notions of absolute space, absolute time and absolute motion. It will invalidate Einstein’s Theory of Relativity and junk the notions of motion-induced length contraction and time dilation. It will re-establish the validity and utility of absolute clock synchronization and facilitate international Time keeping Labs to transfer absolute time by taking into account the absolute velocity of earth. Thus, Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) and International Atomic Time (TAI) will get hooked on to the absolute time in place of currently maintained Relativistic time. It will also facilitate putting precision Atomic Clocks in spaceships for enhanced navigation in deep space flights. Currently, the relativistic time cannot be maintained through e-synchronization process in space ships moving at high speeds and located far away from the earth.
Unfortunately, most Physicists are so indoctrinated into believing in the sanctity of relativistic time that they have stopped believing in the notion of Newtonian absolute time. At any reference to the word 'time' they only conceive of relativistic time and not absolute time. Even GPS system depends on relativistic time as distributed by Timing Labs.
Hawking forgot that if distance is variable (dependent upon the speed of the frame v,) then we would use c - v, and not c. So c has to vary-- or alter from c - v up to c.
When c alters from c - v up to to c, then time t becomes fixed and Absolute for both observers.
So contrary to what Hawking asserts "the theory of relativity put an end to the idea of Absolute time!" . .
The opposite it true.
Unfortunately, this means the rest of the book, which is a brilliant book in many respects, in terms of imagination and descriptive power, does not actually pertain to the real world.
For example, in the above, since space and time are Absolute, then "massive bodies" can travel at any speed whatsoever, as has likely already been observed astronomically.
Preprint Use of the classical speed (c - v) in the Wiki Figure purpor...
The various aspects of the time issue, subjective flow, objective flow, SR-GR flow, velocity are discussed in this paper:
Article Our Electromagnetic Universe (Expanded republication PI)
Allwin K. Rëx,
This short YouTube video by Professor Michio Kaku is for sure helpful to understand what time is:
https://youtu.be/TNTS5nrzwI8?si=ET8-Gr4vRyenBu24
If neutrinos have a very small mass, the simple answer here, is that, yes they are traveling faster than light. This is because we have a Newtonian world. An Absolute character to space and time.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9XjS4I4oQDY
Gary Stephens,
The good YouTube video that you posted is about a blunder made by experimentalists and related to neutrinos, and Einstein was the one who was right and not the experimentalists that nothing can travel faster than light. In 1919, a similar mistake was made when measuring the bending of light as it passed near the Sun, and later the experimentalists realised that they were wrong and Einstein was right as shown in this short Weinberg-Greene YouTube video:
https://youtu.be/vb1RqdZebjQ?si=TSzj9xnXd9TrB8h0
Recent SS post in https://www.researchgate.net/post/Is-time-an-illusion/110
-is relevant to this thread question.
Cheers
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