I prepare to fabricate SnO2 film by ultrasonic spraying a solution of SnCl2·2H2O in ethanol. But now uniform film can't be gained and many parameters such as temperature, flow rate etc. need to be adjusted. And now I can't find the theory about the chemical reaction from SnCl2·2H2O in ethanol to SnO2. Thanks very much.
Advanced Materials Research (Volumes 55-57 p513-516
Fluoride and Antimony-Doped Tin Oxide Film by Spray Pyrolysis
Dear
to get a clear aqueous solution follow these steps:
. A solution of SnCl2.2H2O (molarity 0.05 M) was prepared by dissolving (1.1282
g) of SnCl2.2H2O in 1 ml HCl the solution placed into an ultrasonic
agitating for 25mint
then made-up the solution to 100 ml by
using de-ionized water. Finally the solution placed into an ultrasonic
agitating for about 25 min with temperature 20 oC.
by this way u can get a more homogeneous film
Ethanol is not responsible for the oxidation of SnCl2 to SnO2. Basic properties of SnCl2 are responsible for the formation of oxidazes phases in the presence of O2. First of all, SnCl2 easily oxidizes at temperarures around 100C to tin oxychloride with a genearl formula Sn (O (OH), Cl) in the presence of O2.
Than tin oxychloride decomposes at 120C to SnCl4 and SnO2.
You can also use aqueous solutions. In the case of aqueous solutions, homogeneous SnO2 films form at surface temperatures of 350-400C.
To keep it simple do some trial and error with temprature and substrate distance variation. A visual inspection can give u an approx idea of the uniformity and then you can go for the characterization to be sure. Moreover your SnO2 film should be transparent which can be acheived by addition of few drops of HCl to the precursor solution. For better ideas you can refer to the papers of Sir Korotcenkov.
Regards
The substrate should be cleaned by oxygen plasma to increase the surface tension before carring the deposition ...
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