Dear Izabela! This is a very controversial issue. Please read carefully some papers (in the attachment), and please do conclusion on their own.

Vladimir

Dear Izabela,

Humans are prone to create false memory and convince themselves that to be true. The reason behind this lies in the ' Constructive Nature of Memory' . Means if you are trying to remember an event happened a few years ago, your mind is processing that information again rather than just using a ready-made slide created when the incident took place. Now this reconstructive process is influenced by many factors such as personal beliefs, cultural norms, expectancy etc. 

Bartlett did a famous experiment which is know as 'War of Ghosts' experiment in which participants have to read a story and recall it on multiple occasions. An interesting finding of this study was that participants added extra information and events which were not in the original story. 

So we humans are very vulnerable to have false memories because of nature of our memory system.

Dear Izabela,

I agree with the 'constructive' take on memory by Rakesh Maurya. In my work at Verkeer-Zien, which often has to do with the visual imagining of locations & situations which are familiar from previous real experiences, I consider the imagined 'scene' or 'virtual model tableau' as being reconstructed in real time from very low-level preferences in the present neural/mental setup. Of course, such preferences clearly have a historical pedigree, but they have evolved in a living and changing context or environment. So the 'memory' we're talking about has nothing to do with frozen data and rembering doesn't come down to the looking up of records. Memories thus are changeable, and may change or be changed according to present needs.

Very often Mind of certain human beings work in manner as if they wanted to show the superiority complex -their personal Ego & Pride even though in practical life they are not mark to the level of other human beings.

It is such human beings in order to create own image among their circle & social atmosphere they come out with the false memory for which they first make out certain plan which has no identity .

They create their own image by presenting their view point so that others may feel the truthfulness  of their talk .This also becomes the question of psychic tendency & such person in various action of life move under the false memory & in cause of time other human being are not that much foolish so that they can keep their false memory in their mind & such person create their negative impression both among the circle & the society .

This is my personal opinion 

All memories are, to some degree, false. More importantly, all memories are greatly incomplete. Most importantly, remembering something is more difficult than not remembering something. Generally, there is no need to "convince" yourself of something false, because the memory you create is already false.

For different elements of a memory, you will have different levels of confidence in the accuracy of your memory for that element. The difficulty of changing an element of a memory will depend on the confidence in the element. But the confidence in an element of memory is not necessarily an indication that you are correct with regard to that element.

So for most false memories, there is no need for people to "convince" themselves that it is true. The false or inaccurate parts of the memory are just like the true or accurate parts of the memory - they are the memory.

The completeness of a memory will also degrade with time. This happens for both the level of the elements of a memory, and for the connections between elements of a memory.

Effort must be exerted to maintain a memory as an interconnected set of elements. You must intentionally recall the memory over time, essentially practice remembering, to avoid loss of memory or alterations in memory that reduce accuracy.

This is a simple outline of what it means to have a constructive/reconstructive memory. Generally, there is no need to convince yourself to have a false memory, you already do, and you will lose more of the memory without trying.

If you understand this, you will understand that the way that memory, and false memory, are presented in most popular media, is wrong. The evidence, however, is overwhelming. The inaccuracy of memory is why people have been careful to create specialized storage locations for information that happened in the past. For most of human history, groups of people relied on individuals to remember important elements of their world and history, individuals who spent their time practicing their memories and recalling them when needed. Our world and our cultures were built upon hundreds of years of oral traditions that were only later transformed beyond speech and hearing.

Humans have used objects have also been used for hundreds of thousands of years. These objects are not only the types of records we tend to think of, like markers of the seasons in stone. Objects of social status are keepers of memories. A person in the desert with a necklace of shells as a display of their status must rely on others having knowledge of what these objects are, how difficult they are to obtain, for the objects to have the desired effect.

Frederick Barlett's book is a good place to start with empirical analysis of the constructive nature of memory, but people have been aware of this in various ways for thousands of years.

But then there is the desire to intentionally alter memory for strategic purposes, to replace elements of memory that a person is highly confident are accurate with elements that the person knows are not, and to create high confidence in those inaccurate elements.

This is generally difficult to do. The archetypical situation is to replace traumatic memories with memories that are not highly emotionally undesirable. The problem is that doing this requires recalling the memories that you wish to destroy and replace. Recalling a memory generally strengthens it. So recalling a memory and then consciously adding a tag that says "this didn't happen" is not likely to be successful. But it can be done with at least partial effectiveness. Adding elements is helpful, such as recalling the memory as if it were something you read, or something that happened to someone else. This itself is a process of remembering the events, so entirely forgetting them is difficult to accomplish.

Creating a false memory can also be accomplished. Doing this involves practice "remembering" the event. The event should be remembered in a way that links it to the qualities of genuine memories, of sensory details, connecting it with other memories, giving it qualities that differ from reality as little as possible.

Ultimately, though, it is important to acknowledge the question of why people convince themselves or make themselves believe things that are not true starts implicitly from a flawed understanding of memory. The people whom you think are convincing themselves to believe things they know are false almost always are not doing this. The memory they have created from the start was false. They are not making themselves believe things they know are false. They believe things that are false. Their mental processes are not intentional.

But when judging whether someone's memory is flawed, or their belief is false with regard to certain elements, consider whether your memory is the memory that is flawed or false with regard to those elements.

Thank you all so much for your answers!!! your views and guidance is immensely appreciated!

The phenomenon is relatively easy to reproduce.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-KffGHRXED0

Thank you Prof. Spilich!!!