Anamitra Roy

Thank you for your time and contribution. What an interesting turn of events. That is a good base to build on.

Agility

Thanks for your time and contribution Khristian Edi Nugroho Soebandrija

Please help me understand your contribution.

Thank you for your time and contribution Remi Chukwudi Okeke

Much appreciated Remi Chukwudi Okeke

Kheepe Lawrence Moremi

Dear Researcher,

I live and work in India, in the eastern part of the country, in Salt Lake City, Kolkata. Here, during the lock down due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many people lost their jobs. The big businesses which have huge fixed costs were finding it difficult to sustain themselves. So the individuals who lost their jobs started small businesses with a minute capital. Surprisingly, their business started running. Even with a very tiny sales amount, they could manage as their fixed costs were low and had literally no variable costs.

Now when the big businesses are eager to restart, these workers are not interested to join them again. They are enjoying their new entrepreneurial journey. This is adding a new leaf to the chapters of entrepreneurship in this place.

Thank you.

Best regards,

Anamitra.

Kheepe Moremi

I lived in Manila, Philippines. The state of entrepreneurial activity lessened when the pandemic started early in March, as all means of transportation and supplies are impossible because of locked down in all places of the country. Though supplies coming from different regions are overproduced because the means to transport the goods are impossible so they have to sell near their places below par just to consume all that was produced. The same way with the companies that closed their businesses. What boosts business activities? Are the online businesses, a part of the that are delivery services, specifically to food delivery and request of purchase of goods of basic commodities such as medicine and PPE needs of people. But nowadays when the covid19 pandemic gradually flattened in the country, the different establishments are starting to open, and nonetheless, people are trying to open all its opportunities on how new technology can possibly give them more open doors for new entrepreneurial activities to uphold their businesses.

Thank you for sharing the state of entrepreneurial activity in Manila, Charlene Ursua Escario . Much appreciated. I do concur with you that the pandemic negatively impacted entrepreneurial activity in many areas. It would be interesting to see whether "e-commerce" will help.

Anamitra Roy

Thank you for your time and contribution. What an interesting turn of events. That is a good base to build on.

Entrepreneurs make use of the resources in my country to produce more goods and services and added value. This will, in turn, increase the Gross Domestic Product of the country. Also, SMEs create employment income for people, thereby accounting for an increase in the per capita income of Nigeria as a country. https://www.legit.ng/1127213-role-entrepreneurship-economic-development-nigeria.html

Modern entrepreneurship in Nigeria started with the coming of the colonial masters, who brought in their wears and made Nigerians their middle men. In this way, modern entrepreneurship was conceived. Most of the modern entrepreneurs were engaged in retail trade or sole proprietorship. https://omanjaf.wordpress.com/2013/03/30/the-history-of-entrepreneurship-in-nigeria/

Here are the highlights

1. Entrepreneurship activity in Nigeria is primarily based on necessity.

2. The majority of entrepreneurs in the country are operating in Lagos, the former capital of the country.

3. Nigeria’s economic decline since the 1980’s has created a hostile environment that is unfavorable to entrepreneurial success.

4. The Nigerian infrastructure limits entrepreneurial effectiveness and is a barrier to success.

5. The high cost of doing business in Nigeria, such as the lack of adequate electricity and basic needs by a large amount of the population stifle entrepreneurial activity.

6. Getting venture capital to finance entrepreneurial endeavor in Nigeria is very difficult because of the political and economic instability.

7. The policies of the Nigerian government are a barrier to the success of large-scale entrepreneurial success for many Nigerians. The government is plagued by corruption and greed. The government systematically ignores laws that are already in place to promote free enterprise.

8. The lack of enforcement of Nigerian patent laws discourages entrepreneurs from commercializing their ideas and inventions.

9. The constant political turmoil in the country greatly limits foreign investors who would be willing to provide resources for entrepreneurship in the country, which is very rich in natural resources.

10. Political and social movements strongly affect the level of entrepreneurial activity in Nigeria. Religious intolerance and ethnic warfare limit country progress in some areas of the country.

11. Female entrepreneurs in Nigeria are often underestimated and overlooked.

12. Female entrepreneurs in Nigeria are often hindered because of cultural barriers such as male/female role definitions that label women inherently inferior to men.

13. Nigeria has the 2nd largest GDP in Africa, South Africa has the largest.

14. The Ibo ethnic group in Nigeria is recognized internationally for its culture of entrepreneurship.

15. The majority of entrepreneurs in the country are operating in the capital city of Abuja.

16. Control own life, to be my own boss, freedom to adapt personal approach to work and attain family security are some of the reasons Nigerians engage in entrepreneurial activity.

17. The Nigerian government has a program in place that promotes exports from Nigeria to other countries, which can be helpful for entrepreneurs looking to do business in Europe or the United States.

18. Lower taxes and increased price ceilings have increased the incentives to entrepreneurs in the country.

19. Nigeria is progressively trying to incorporate modern technology into its country.

20. Nigeria is trying to actively promoting technology in its educational system with the use of the internet.

21. Although there are a lot of barriers, entrepreneurship in Nigeria is necessary for the country to become a developed nation.

https://www.proshareng.com/news/Enterpreneurship/Entrepreneurship-in-Nigeria/16321

Thank you for a very detailed response Chinaza Godswill Awuchi . I concur that the "entrepreneurial framework conditions" may not be that favourable in most African countries, but two (2) things caught my attention from your response. These are: 1) the fact that the Igbo people exhibit more entrepreneurial culture and; 2) the fact that it is difficult to obtain venture capital in Nigeria.

What is about Igbo culture, to the best of your knowledge, that makes them to have a favourable disposition towards entrepreneurship?

The state of entrepreneurial where I live and work is terribly bad because the enabling environment that could make entrepreneurial to thrive is not there. The cost of doing business is on the high side. Again, government is not doing enough to formulate policies that could help entrepreneurs to succeed in their entrepreneurial activities.

Thank you for your time and contribution David Oluseyi Oyerinde . How do existing entrepreneurs cope with high cost of doing business? I have heard of unreliable power supply and rental costs.

Dear researcher,

I belong to south India.Though the economy is weak due to pandemic situation, people started business with tiny amount are sustaining. People have started selling vegetables, fish,etc. in vehicle. The woman self groups have started making of sanitizer and masks which are the need of the hour.

Thank you for your time and contribution Viswanathan Jayanthi . It is pleasing to hear that ordinary do not allow circumstances to get an upper hand. Would you classify these entrepreneurial activities as necessity or opportunity driven?

They are surely opportunity driven

Thank you Viswanathan Jayanthi . Stay blessed.

The traditional entrepreneurship is not growing. The digital entrepreneurship however seems to be growing in recent times.

Thank you for your time and contribution Tayyab Amjad . Great perspective about "techpreneurship." I would concur that it seems to be on the rise, I suspect, in most parts of the world.

What about social entrepreneurship? Do you see a similar or comparable trend?

Kheepe Lawrence Moremi Social entrepreneurship research is kind of saturated as I couldn't see new topics emerging in this domain. However, I would recommend you not to base your decision merely on my opinion. Have a thorough look at the literature to decide anything.

Thank you for your perspective Tayyab Amjad .

Business is now suspended or has little activity due to the Corona virus

Thank you for your time and contribution Afraa Ibrahim . My understanding though, is that some sectors of industry are operational.

Kheepe, although entrepreneurial activity could be boosted by factors you rightly highlighted and described, recent occurrences within this front have been triggered partly as a result of the economic and health crisis of COVID -19. As such, it could be contended that adversities and socio-eonomic crises, devastating as they may be to the human condition, could provide the platform for creativity, innovation and entrepreneurial zest. Interesting.

I concur with you John Mendy . Adversity could spur creativity and innovation.

The traditional entrepreneurial activities are decreasing and replacing with digital and modern entrepreneurship

Thank you Mohammad Asif Subaat . Could you enlighten us as to what modern entrepreneurship is?

Entrepreneurship has seen an upward trend as Govt. in India is promoting Start Ups. Ease of doing business is being strengthened by adopting Single Window Clearance. It really needs an IDEA to be an entrepreneur.

Thank you for your contribution and it is good to hear that in India, there is an upward trend, Sanjeev Bansal

very lo

Thank you for your time and contribution Anna-Marie Biwa

During 2020 enterpreneurial activity was very low... Each person I know that had some good idea - did not succeed to realize it.