actually what is the main difference between chemical synthesis and green synthesis of nanoparticles? while compared to chemical synthesis, how green synthesis reduce the toxity of prepared nanomaterials?
Arunachalapandi Murugan
Since ancient times, people have been treated with extracts of various plants. Therefore, their use in the synthesis of nanoparticles is safer than, for example, hydrazine and borohydride. Residues of these substances can lead to undesirable consequences for the body. If the purpose of the synthesis of nanoparticles is treatment or examination of the body, it is necessary to use nanoparticles obtained by green synthesis. However, each type of nanoparticles has its own standards for maximum permissible concentrations for the body. In this sense, the two types of nanoparticles are no different from each other.
Green plant extracts play a significant role in reducing the toxicity associated with the synthesis of nanoparticles through several mechanisms:Reduction Agent: Green plant extracts contain various phytochemicals like flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds which act as natural reducing agents. These compounds can reduce metal ions to nanoparticles without the need for harsh chemicals, thus reducing the overall toxicity of the synthesis process.Stabilizing Agent: Plant extracts can also act as stabilizers for the nanoparticles, preventing them from agglomerating or undergoing rapid oxidation. This stabilization helps in maintaining the biocompatibility and reducing potential toxic effects.Biocompatibility: Green plant extracts are often biocompatible and non-toxic themselves, making them suitable for use in biomedical applications. When used as part of a synthesis process, they contribute to the overall biocompatibility of the resulting nanoparticles.Environmentally Friendly: The use of green plant extracts aligns with the principles of green chemistry, promoting environmentally friendly synthesis methods by reducing the use of hazardous chemicals and energy-intensive processes.
Chemical synthesis uses pure chemical reactants, acts as reducing/hydrolyzing agents and are sometimes difficult to remove by simple separation techniques. As such, they may remain as unreacted particles in the nano powders formed and import toxicity to the final product, since, they are pure chemicals.
Green synthesis utilizes plant extracts in dilute form which are organic in nature as mentioned in previous answers. The unreacted extract part, if any remains, after separation, can be easily decomposed off during calcination of the nano powders...
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