I have studied the magnetic property of the ni based film. its coercivity is 709G.Is it hard or soft magnetic material? Is there any range for hard and soft magentic material? I have attached the hysteresis loop. I don't know which type of magnetic material it is. For the super paramagnetic material how the hysteresis look like. please any one answer my question.
Magnetic materials can be divided into two groups, as wrote. But they are not magnetic materials soft or hard. These are materials having magnetic properties, soft or hard and this is a difference, but it is small. Generally, the division applies:1 - 10 A / m - super-soft magnetics,10 - 100 A / m - very soft magnetics,100 - 1000 A / m - soft magnetics,above are semi-hard and hard magnetic materials.
How can I define hard magnet and soft magnet? - ResearchGate. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/post/How_can_I_define_hard_magnet_and_soft_magnet [accessed Nov 18, 2015].
I advice you to have a look at :
https://www.researchgate.net/post/Can_anyone_tell_me_about_soft_and_hard_ferrites_and_the_differences_between_their_physical_properties
I would like to thank to dear contributors; Chwastek, Sehgal, Hossain, Fiorillo, Stojanovic, Kopsky for their valuable helps.
You data look like diamagnetic behavior. Which substrate do you use? Soft ferromagnets exhibit coercive field about few mT.
Thankyou all for the response. i have used copper substrate for the electrodeposition.many journals reported that NiMn film is soft magnetic in nature but i didnt get that type of loop.
i have one more doubt that some journals reported Mn is antiferromagnetic material and some journals tells Mn is paramagetic material. actually what is true?
Then the substrate gives the diamagnetic contribution. A quick thing to do would be to subtract the linear part from the graph. A more proper thing to do is to measure the M(H) curve of a piece of the substrate (only the substrate without any film on it) with the same mass and shape and then subtract it from the initial curve. In addition, it looks like the measurement was done on the verge of the threshold sensitivity of the measuring device so it would not be very precise.
The signal seems to be very weak, so i suggest you try SQUID. Also subtract background from the signal, then hopefully you will get much better loop.
As your material is Ni based thin film, you should not be worried about hardness or softness. You should, carefully, draw an MH loop for your sample, taking all the precautions mentioned in the literature. Once you are sure that the results are genuine, try to explain them. Estimate the coercivity, remanence and saturation magnetisation from the loop, compare that with the existing results and draw some conclusions like existence of superparamagnetism. Consult books like Charles Kittel, 7th edition pages 454-478. Write something and if you want me to edit it I will do it.
Dear Raja,
Your materials is a hard magnet. If you have any information about the magnetic materials, please don't hesitate to contact me.
With Bests
Saeed
Pls look at the below book.
if you have not it, please tell me. I will sent it for you.
Handbook of Magnetic Measurements
Thanks for your reply sir. I dont have that book sir. please send it to me sir.
Dear Raji,
pls go to the below link and click on the cover of book and download it.
With Bests
http://libgen.org/book/index.php?md5=edd5db76a7667474ddcc280ee0a85b91
Magnetic materials can be divided into two groups, as wrote. But they are not magnetic materials soft or hard. These are materials having magnetic properties, soft or hard and this is a difference, but it is small. Generally, the division applies:1 - 10 A / m - super-soft magnetics,10 - 100 A / m - very soft magnetics,100 - 1000 A / m - soft magnetics,above are semi-hard and hard magnetic materials.
How can I define hard magnet and soft magnet? - ResearchGate. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/post/How_can_I_define_hard_magnet_and_soft_magnet [accessed Nov 18, 2015].
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