In transmission electron microscopy (TEM) irradiation damage due to knock-on processes (cascade displacements) of atoms is a major concern. For carbon atoms, most textbooks estimate this to be ~50keV, and people tend to work at 60keV or 80keV for a while before they notice lattice damage. Has anybody measured this more accurately?
Larry Scipioni
Hi Thomas,
The knock-on damage threshold depends on the binding energy of the atom in question. You can read "Radiation damage in the TEM and SEM", byR.F. Egerton. Micron 35 (2004) 399–409. The value is there quoted as 140keV for graphite. For graphene, the value is 80keV. You can see a paper on graphene, including cross section data, at http://arxiv.org/pdf/1203.2372.pdf among others
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