In the literature, different fluoride formulations have been documented for the formation of fluorapatite.
Reference-
1) Pajor (2019)
doi: 10.3390/ma12172683
2) Arifa (2019)
doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1603
Fowler et al. found that toothpaste formulations containing 1426 ppm F as sodium fluoride or 1400 ppm F as amine fluoride gave a significant protection of enamel from erosive acid challenges in vitro compared to 0 ppm F placebo toothpaste.
Fluorapatite is not influenced by just one factor that is dentifrices, Its formation is a much dynamic process influenced by various factors ranging from
1. Systemic administration of fluoride at the time of enamel formation and early tooth eruption,
2. Daily dietary intake of fluoride,
3. Intake of fluoride from additional resources like Tea, fish vegetables, food cooked in Teflon coated utensils etc.
3. Loss of hydroxyapatite to gain of fluorapatite ratio,
4. Availability of free fluoride ions
5. Bare minimum concentration of 500 ppm for children and 800-1000 ppm and above the optimum level of fluoride for adult usage in dentifrices.
The formation of enamel fluorapatite takes months and usually occur during the tooth formation. Topical fluoride administration including dentifrices form mainly calcium fluoride and fluoridated apatite (not fluorapatite). Most of the unbound fluoride in enamel is leached into the saliva and assist in the remineralization process.
Thank you for the explanation. What is the difference between fluorapatite and fluoridated apatite ?
Thank you William. So how much fluoride is needed to make fluorapatite and how fluoride to form flouridated apatite ? Are they both resistant to dissolution by acids ? Which form is more desirable and sustainable ?
To form fluorapatite requires the correct ratio of fluoride, calcium and phosphate ion. Calcium and phosphate ion are present in healthy saliva, but are also added to some dentifrices in the form of nanohydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate, or Casein Phosphopeptide combined with Amorphous Calcium Phosphate.
Stannous fluoride renders the enamel more resistant to dissolution by acids than sodium fluoride.
For every two fluoride ions, 10 calcium ions and six phosphate ions are required to form one unit cell of fluorapatite.
Calcium phosphate‐based remineralization systems: scientific evidence? - Reynolds - 2008 - Australian Dental Journal - Wiley Online Library
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