Acceleration is not measured in seconds as you imply. It is measured distance per second per second, so it is not clear what it is you want to know. Is it the maximum walking speed, or is it the maximum acceleration from a standing start to a walking pace.Or is it the time it takes from a standing start until someone is walking at full speed. That depends on the person, but I suspect that would happen after one pace.
In his world record race, Usain Bolt reached an acceleration of 9.5 meters per second squared, according to this article.
In the context of walking (rather than running), it does not seem very useful to discuss the maximum acceleration, since one does not strive for maximum speed. There should be literature on the average walking acceleration, however.