I'm currently working on the implementation of pulses (legumes) in bakery applications. In one case, pulse flours could be added to bread to increase the nutritional value.

Pulses (in particular Phaseolus beans) contain lectins, an anti-nutritional factor which can lead to intense sickness. These lectins are usually easily inactivated due to cooking, as raw beans are never consumed as is.

However, as we're including the bean flour in a bread, the beans do not get cooked. They do undergo fermentation (yeast, bread dough) en heating (+- 30 mins at 190-230°C; core temp = 100°C). Does anyone have experience or know of literature where alternative processing of lectins and the minimal needs for inactivation are discussed?

Ideal would be to perform a hemagglutination test, but this is not possible.

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