Hi Nesrine 

According to the IUPAC definition, "graphene is a single carbon layer of graphite structure, describing its nature by anology of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon of quasi-infinite size". However, Reduced graphene oxide is prepared from reduction of graphene oxide by thermal, chemical or electrical treatments. So in the reduced graphene oxide there is always some defects and even though we try to reduce the graphene oxide, there are still some oxygen functional groups in or on the reduced graphene oxide surface. Different reducing agents will lead to various carbon to oxygen ratio and chemical compositions in reduced graphene oxide.

Basically, reduced graphene oxide cannot have the perfect graphene structure which was described above (IUPAC definition), but some people still call it graphene.

One of the best ways to make graphene is by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method on metallic surfaces, which would lead to production of single, few, or multilayer graphene.

Hope this is helpful.

Good luck 

Hi, Nesrine Said

1.Graphene- A single layer originated (separated) from graphite.

2.Graphite Oxide- An oxidized product of graphite with > 8 layers.

3.Graphene Oxide- An oxidized product of graphite with < 8 layers.

4.Reduced Graphene Oxide- Reduced product of Graphene Oxide.

All are different from one another with respect to their properties.

Cheers

Hi Nesrine 

According to the IUPAC definition, "graphene is a single carbon layer of graphite structure, describing its nature by anology of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon of quasi-infinite size". However, Reduced graphene oxide is prepared from reduction of graphene oxide by thermal, chemical or electrical treatments. So in the reduced graphene oxide there is always some defects and even though we try to reduce the graphene oxide, there are still some oxygen functional groups in or on the reduced graphene oxide surface. Different reducing agents will lead to various carbon to oxygen ratio and chemical compositions in reduced graphene oxide.

Basically, reduced graphene oxide cannot have the perfect graphene structure which was described above (IUPAC definition), but some people still call it graphene.

One of the best ways to make graphene is by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method on metallic surfaces, which would lead to production of single, few, or multilayer graphene.

Hope this is helpful.

Good luck 

Have a look

Bianco, A. et al.  All in the graphene family–a recommended nomenclature for two-dimensional carbon materials. Carbon 2013, 65, 1-6.

Nomenclature of sp2 carbon nanoforms. Carbon 03/2012; 50(3):741-747. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2011.11.002

Thank you all! That helped a lot!

Hi there,

Yes all of us knows what is gaphene now, it is a single layer of graphite. Yet according to latest IUPAC nomenclature we can consider it upto 10 layers(All in graphene family,Caron). however, the confusion arises with reduced graphene oxide(r-GO) and graphene oxide.

Basically we call it r-GO when we are getting the product by reducing the graphite oxide (GO) starting from graphite as a carbon source. This is because it is practically impossible to remove all the oxygen functional groups from GO by reduction either by chemical reduction or thermal reduction. Hence the name of the obtained product is r-GO where r stands for "reduced". It is note worthy that this terminology is for the product obtained by reduction of graphite oxide only not from other carbon source. 

It is also possible to get graphene like structure by thermal heating of carbon sources other than graphite in inert or hydrogen atmosphere. Here also the product contains small percentage of oxygen hence the name is graphene oxide as per my understanding

However again in the paper All in graphene family it was reported that the terminology graphene oxide can also be used for those product obtained by reduction of GO with rich in oxygen functionality. So there is some confusion still. In view, it is you who is the best judge what you will address to your product.

yes... this explains the confusion that I found in some literature...Thanks a lot Yashabanta

Carbon has been around a long time. Disorganized carbon such as carbon black has been around for a long time. Graphite has been around for a long time. Recently  the ability to isolate individual carbon hexagonal  layers of Graphite and recognize that they have very novel properties has lead to great interest in so called Graphene. Isolated Graphene does not exist unless it is bound to a surface. What is generally called Graphene  is  best as described as disordered forms of Graphite that have some useful properties. A free hexagonal layer of carbon will roll up into a tube, which has theiir own set of useful properties. Graphene is becoming an important industrial material as people have learned to make delaminated forms of Graphite. Remember the Automobile Tirer Industry has been using carbon black for a long time and we would be lost without it. Graphene like Graphite can be converted into various oxidized forms.

Hi to everyone! Is it possible to obtain a solution containing graphene (not oxide)? I have to treat a particular type of cells and i need for a solution of graphene nanoplatelets without the aggregates. I have to add a surfactant, but the big problem is the toxicity of this compound.

Thanks

What is the basic difference between RGO and hydroxy-epoxy functionalized graphene?

Hi Dipanwita Majumdar.  In the GO you have hydroxy, epoxy, carboxyl group. So, hydroxy-epoxy functionalized graphene and GO are the same material. In rGO you have less functional groups than GO, because were removed by reduction process, but there are always. Bye

You can explore this link for your answer,

http://www.instanano.com/nanomaterial-synthesis/carbon-nanomaterial/synthesis-reduced-graphene-oxide/

Are there any differences between Graphene Nanoplates(GNPs), Graphite Nanosheets and Expanded Graphite(EG)? Are they contain any functional group such as hydroxy, epoxy, carboxyl group?

Nice information and thanks...........................

• Hello dear.. 
• different between rGO and GO only in surface area .. rGO high surface area 

Hi, Nesrine Said

You can explore this link for your answer,

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elspec.2014.07.003

good luck

Hi,

Graphene (Single-layer graphene) can be grown by methods like CVD  (leading to graphene sheets from few to several cm2 area) or isolated from HOPG (leading to micrometer size graphene flakes). Graphene in both cases is not oxidized or reduced.

GO and r-GO are always in micrometer flake form. You can deposit flakes of this materials onto a surface and get a coating, but never a single-layer thick one, like in the case of CVD graphene.

Hiii 

In a simple way we can explain the difference between GO and rGO  In  GO  there is more oxygen related functional group (Ex -OH,COOH--etc) and we know that more oxide related things not good for many application so we need to remove this oxygen functional group by using some purification techniques so now we have less oxygen related functional group in Go this is known as rGO so in rGO we have less oxygen related function group and good for many application.

Thanks 

I agree with Professor Chiranjeevi Srinivasa Rao Vusa and Professor

Yashabanta Narayan Singhbabu. Thank you so much for your good sharing.

All the best,

Mostafa

All the explanations on graphene, graphene oxide, and reduced graphene oxide are very useful..Thanks a lot friends..

what is the difference between GO - Powder, GO - nanoplatelets, GO - nanosheets

Production-Ready Graphene from STANDARD GRAPHENE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AtWl-tEgknU

Charbax Published on May 1, 2016

STANDARD GRAPHENE is a graphene R&D and manufacturing company and has core competency in graphene products and production process. Trying to be the leader in carbon and graphene technology with 18 years of carbon nano technology experience. STANDARD GRAPHENE can produce 1.1 tons/year of high quality graphene (rGO and GO) now and will increase this by 10x by 2017. Available graphene products include 6 models of rGO and 2 models of GO. Also graphene added application products such as Supercapacitor’s electrode, LiB electrode, graphene-ceramic coating solution, graphene-CFRP, graphene-Polyurethane, graphene-Plastics and more are available. Filmed in 4K using Sony AX53 at IDTechEx's Graphene Live Europe 2016, read more at http://www.standardgraphene.com and http://idtechex.com

Graphite is a layer structure and a single layer of graphite is called as graphene. When the single layer of graphite contains some oxygen functionalities then it is called graphene oxide . GO can be reduced to get graphene but still few oxygen functionalities will exist.

Graphene Oxide is considered as electronic insulator while Graphene electrical conductor

Beware the fake graphene

(Nanowerk Spotlight) Peter Bøggild over at DTU just published an interesting opinion piece in Nature titled "The war on fake graphene".

A new study on worldwide graphene production shows unequivocally that the quality of the graphene produced in the world today is rather poor, not optimal for most applications, and most companies are producing graphite microplatelets. This is possibly the main reason for the slow development of graphene applications, which usually require a customized solution in terms of graphene properties. A conclusion that sounds even more damming is that this extensive study of graphene production worldwide indicates that there is almost no high quality graphene, as defined by ISO, in the market yet.

https://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=51233.php

NEWS AND VIEWS

08 OCTOBER 2018

The war on fake graphene

https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-06939-4

The material graphene has a vast number of potential applications — but a survey of commercially available graphene samples reveals that research could be undermined by the poor quality of the available material.

The war on fake graphene - Nature

https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-06939-4

by P Bøggild - ‎2018

Oct 8, 2018 - A protocol for analysing commercially available graphene. ... The war on fake graphene. The material graphene has a vast ... Peter Bøggild.

a complete nomenclature about graphene is recently publish by editorial board of Carbon journal. please read the file below

All the answers are very useful, thank you all.

Graphene oxide (GO) is a unique material that can be viewed as a single monomolecular layer of graphite with various oxygen-containing functionalities such as epoxide, carbonyl, carboxyl, and hydroxyl groups.

one of differences between rGO and graphene is rGO can be modified depending on functional groups on in rGO but graphene not.

Neither rGO nor GO can't be claimed as graphene. However, you can find out many articles and even companies who are selling graphene but they are actually GO or rGO. Which is not advisable, strongly. Please specify your product. The definition and properties are quite different from each other

The high quality Graphene can be synthesized using CVD technique having single layer or few layers of carbon atoms but GO is always synthesized by the oxidation of the Graphite. the Graphene is only containing carbon atoms layers while in GO there be oxygen functionalities along with carbon. Some time reduced Graphene can be called as modified Graphene not Graphene.