Dear brother Prof. Salam,

Thanks for sharing this important question. I develop my literature reviews from the main variables of the phenomena under investigation. My write-up is always chronologically written from general perspective discussions to specific discussions with the aim of clearly demarcating the academic vacuum in the field or related studies that my study would fill, deepening the essence of the research. I intelligently discuss more current literature and research papers in the area of study while sparingly referring to old but classically relevant old literature. Literature review or survey is a powerful platform I use to put my study in a strong theoretical context while aggravating the study's relevance through scholarly and comprehensive discussions of the theoretical and conceptual principles that undergirds the study. Best regards

Thank you for the question and be according to the nature of the research ... Greetings

Dear brother Prof. Salam,

Thanks for sharing this important question. I develop my literature reviews from the main variables of the phenomena under investigation. My write-up is always chronologically written from general perspective discussions to specific discussions with the aim of clearly demarcating the academic vacuum in the field or related studies that my study would fill, deepening the essence of the research. I intelligently discuss more current literature and research papers in the area of study while sparingly referring to old but classically relevant old literature. Literature review or survey is a powerful platform I use to put my study in a strong theoretical context while aggravating the study's relevance through scholarly and comprehensive discussions of the theoretical and conceptual principles that undergirds the study. Best regards

Thanks Dear Prof.Mutasem Z. Bani-Fwaz for fast responding.

please how to cite from any article which already cited form another one ?

Many thanks for the valued link above

Dear Prof.Dr. Dickson Adom

Thank you for your valued experience, but could you please guide me how to go through any article and cite a paragraph which is already has been cited from another one?

Accept my respect

The literature review is an exhaustive critical analysis of the available literature on a subject. it is best to scan and critique what is already out there and then find the gaps in the literature where the researcher's study can fit in and add to the literature. This review should critique the way of sampling, the hypotheses, research design, and research questions. Everything of course hinges on the research question.

Dr Réagan

#IStandWithEli

Nice and important Guide to follow

Thank you Dr. Réagan Lorraine Lavorata.

Thanks Dr. Salam for your important question, I'd like to share 10 tips I found interesting written by Emily Crawford at the University of California, San Francisco:

1. Define the scope of the article.  Make an outline, keep lists of topics that are and are not within your scope, and remind yourself to stop any time your reading wanders outside your scope. My adviser and I settled on devoting the first half of our article to a broad survey of a few key research topics (for example, the physical details of the caspase-substrate interaction) and devoting the second half to a few highly detailed vignettes about some of the hundreds of known caspase substrates.

2. Your labmates and collaborators are invaluable resources. Each has a specific area of expertise that’s probably slightly different from your own. Ask colleagues which papers they’d give to a rotation student to read and what the most important recent advances are in the field. (Be careful not to let this lead you too far astray. Your colleagues’ ideas may help you define your scope when you are starting out, but you do not have to incorporate all of their suggestions if you don’t feel they’re relevant.)

3. Don’t dwell on previous review articles that have been written on your topic (this quickly can become a black hole that sucks up time and gives you unnecessary insecurity about the contribution you’re trying to make to the field), but do familiarize yourself with their content. Look for areas that have not yet been thoroughly reviewed or areas for which you think you have a fresh take on old data. One of the most painful things that can happen is to spend days reading and writing about a topic only to notice later that there’s a section of another review article that explores the same area, references the same set of papers and comes to the same conclusions.

4. Make yourself comfortable. This may seem obvious, but I think it’s important. Find places to write where you can concentrate, and take breaks often to stretch, get a snack or even step outside for a few minutes. On days when I struggled with concentration, I often used a timer to structure my day. I would work for 60 minutes, then take a sanity break, then work for another 60 minutes, and on and on.

5. Impose some structure on the mess that is the scientific literature. I developed a strategy for each research topic that I wanted to review (including the broad survey section in the first half and the vignette sections in the second half). First, I found the most recent papers on the topic and went through them, picking out what looked like important references. I worked my way backward to a set of about 10 key papers. Then I quickly read and made a summary for each, usually in the form of a bulleted list of the conclusions drawn from each figure. Next, I combined those summaries into a single table. (I did this by hand on paper; an Excel spreadsheet also would work). Each research article was one row (arranged by publication date), and the columns were results or conclusions reached. I then easily could see which papers agreed on which topics, what trends emerged over time and where the controversies in the field lay. I found that once I had made a table, the narrative of that particular research topic almost wrote itself.

6. Spend some time writing with all your PDFs and Web browsers closed and your desk cleared of any paper. This was advice my adviser gave me about a month before the due date, when he could tell that my brain and my PDF library were so overflowing with data that I was struggling with actually producing any text. I didn’t find it easy at first. I didn’t want to get anything wrong, even in a draft, so I was afraid of typing even a single sentence without references to back me up. On the other hand, with the Internet and all my PDFs in front of me, I tended to generate sentences that were very dense with information but not necessarily closely related to each other – and not always pertinent to the specific scientific narratives I was attempting to compose. I started making real progress on the writing only when I spent a few August afternoons sitting on the roof deck of my apartment building with a pen and paper and no Internet-capable devices. Yes, I sometimes wrote things that were wrong (or at least imperfect) when constructing a section from memory. However, I often ended up with a strong scaffolding onto which I could later add some of those dense, fact-laden sentences.

7. Don’t be shy about clearly defining your role relative to that of your co-author(s) before you begin, or even along the way, if you feel amendments are needed. This was easy in my case, because my adviser and I both preferred that I be the main researcher and writer and that he act as a consultant on high-level issues. However, I am keenly aware of other cases that did not work out nearly as congenially.

8. Read the journal’s instructions for submissions carefully. You should have the email address of an editor at the journal; don’t be shy about asking questions. Do not ignore the journal’s page limits or formatting requirements. Pay very close attention to the graphical requirements for figures. Make sure to get permission to reproduce any figures in your review. (This usually is done by following the permissions instructions on the website of the journal in which the original figure appeared. It’s also not a bad idea to email the authors who made the figures to let them know that you will be using their work).

9. Get familiar with software like Papers (or any other PDF-management software), EndNote and Adobe Illustrator (or whatever graphics program the journal suggests). For me, online Adobe Illustrator tutorials provided nice breaks when I’d been reading for hours and hours.

10. Your labmates and collaborators also can help you with the editing process. Rather than asking one or two people to help you edit the entire article, break it up into sections and ask a different colleague for his or her expert help in revising just one section on a topic with which you know he or she is familiar. Another strategy is to give part or all of your article to a first-year graduate student or to a scientist in a slightly different field. He or she is your target audience and will let you know if there are sections that need to be revised for clarity.

I think, there is guide for written thesis you can use it. Regards.

Thank you Dear Dr.Marina Mihaila

for your valued answer

Thank you Dr Salaam

Dr Réagan

#ISTANDWITHELI

Agree with all the above inputs and suggest to go independently on the concepts with known people

Hi

that's depend on the research type .

regards

I agree with the answer of Dr. Réagan Lorraine Lavorata

Great discussion Dr. Barbara Sawicka .

congradulations.

a valuable question and informative answers

Kindly see the following RG links:

https://www.researchgate.net/post/How_do_you_conduct_a_literature_review_efficiently

https://www.researchgate.net/post/How_to_Write_a_Review_Article

https://www.researchgate.net/post/How_to_write_survey_or_review_papers_and_What_sections_should_be_mentioned_in_such_papers

Dear Salam,

During my research stage, i did the following:

1. Identified the related research articles related to the research topic.

2. Kept them in a folder for review and for reference.

3. Started preparing the " LITERATURE REVIEW MATRIX" in an excel sheet which consists of:

a. The title, author, jounal name and year.

b. Research Objective.

c. Hypotheses.

d. Methodology / Instrument / Sampling frame / Sample size.

e. Research findings.

f. Directions for future research.

4. Once the above matrix is completed, it was very easy for me to write the literature review chapter in the thesis.

It helped a lot as all the relevant information are available in a single document.

If you are interested, i am willing to send you the literature review matrix for your reference.

Please write to [email protected]

All the best.

Regards.

Dr. Sekar Gopal.

An outline on the subject is a key thing to develop. After that you can make sub sections. You then search the existing literature for current materials and research in the areas based on our outline. Best regards