What are the differences between cytology, cytogenetics, and karyology?
How do they deal with each other?
cytogenetics :the study of chromosome and the related diseases caused by the abnormal no or structure of chromosome.
chromosomes can be identified by their size,shape and banding patterns such as Q,G,R and C-Banding.
Karyology:the study of the cell nucleus, organelles,structure and its functions.
Karyotype has the formula.such as 46,xy,....
Agreed with Andrew - apart from the fact that cytogenetics covers whole field of chromosome research - not only in human, but also animal, plant, fungi...
Also male human karyotype reads as 46,XY according to ISCN(2013).
As soon as you do molecular cytogenetics in interphase nuclei you also may say here you start to enter the field karyology.
Cytogenetics can be define both chromosome abnormalities and species differentiation determinig specific DNA regions (5S, 18S), their polymorphisim (NOR, heterochromatin) on chromosomes, chromosome structure and complements differing from organisim to organism with different banding and staining (C-,G-, Ag NOR, FISH, ISH, DAPI etc). And also It can make a comparison and argument according to these data.
Karyology is only define chromosome number and type, differed as shape and arm lenght of chromsome of species.
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