Yes ! please refer JB Harbourne's Phytochemical Analysis book for further details for quantification of both. And yes if you stored at -80 C, or say -20 C , both soluble and insoluble polymeric sugars would be intact ! best wishes..
If your samples have been stored at -80ºC for that time should be in good condition for analysis. I suggest prior to your analysis the use of liquid nitrogen to grind your samples and then extract your carbohydrates.
Its definitely possible. If you are doing total sugar quantification for example by acid hydrolysis, there is absolutely no need for any kind of pretreatments.
Yes, no problem. I suggest lyophilized samples so you can keep them for longer without keeping them in ultra-low-temperature (I hope you understand my english)