Hello Raid M. Al-Salih

Tumor markers, also called serum markers are substances found at higher-than-normal levels in the blood of cancer patients. Serum biomarkers are especially appealing for the potential to detect disease progression or response to treatment.

In breast cancer care, three tumor markers -- cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3), cancer antigen 27.29 (CA 27.29), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) -- have been used to help monitor metastatic breast cancer.

National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) and American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) guidelines recommend serial monitoring of CEA, CA 15-3, and/or CA 27-29 in metastatic disease; particularly, an elevation of 20% to 30% in any of these markers in addition to clinical exam can indicate treatment failure.

National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry (NACB), and European Group on Tumor Markers (EGTM) recommend measuring CEA, CA 15-3, and CA 27-29 for postoperative surveillance, even without evidence of progression.

The EGTM alone recommends preoperative measurement of CEA or CA 15-3/CA 27-29 in combination with established factors to aid in determining prognosis.

Best.

Agreed

ER and PR and receptor are called HER2

In my opinion screening can be implemented using vasogenic edema. www.wollinvenrures.com.

Raid M. Al-Salih

If you are asking about biomarkers in clinical practice, Malcolm Nobre wrote a great answer. however, non of these markers or any other marker can be used solely and must be conjoined with other investigations in order to monitor disease progression or recurrence such as chest X-ray+USS abdomen and pelvis, CT scan, and sometimes PET CT scan. All of these investigations with serum biomarkers should be correlated with clinical history and physical examination of the patients to monitor disease progression. Because all the applied biomarker in breast cancer or any other solid tumour have low specificity and low sensitivity, therefore, they can give false negative and false positive results. Nevertheless, in recent years there is great results from monitoring circulating tumour DNA in blood, but this is mainly practiced in clinical researches and trials, and it is not widely available in every hospital due to its complexity and cost.

I personally use for the following of my patients the combination of two tumoral markers ACE and CA 15-3. This havr been recommanded by an algerian thesis in the field of biology from the university of Oran (Pr Medjdoub)

Breast CANCER cases needs follow up

Marker to know depends on case

Histopathology report

IHC

On follow up post chemotherapy with radiotherapy we have to do clinical examination radiology examination

Breast cancer is a complex disease with various subtypes, and the choice of biomarker for monitoring depends on several factors, including the specific subtype, stage, and treatment plan. Here are some commonly used biomarkers for monitoring breast cancer: