Probiotic is OTIC MICROORGANISMS 1.1 DEFINITIONS Yuan Kun Lee Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore “Probiotics” is derived from Greek and means “prolife.” It has been redefined throughout the years as more scientific knowledge and better understanding on its relationship between intestinal health and general well-being has been gained. The following are definitions of “probiotics” derived through times. Lilly and Stillwell in 1965 (5) defined probiotics as “Growth promoting factors produced by microorganisms.” Parker in 1974 (7) suggested an interaction between microorganisms with the host: “Organisms and substances with beneficial effects for animals by influencing the intestinal microflora.” Fuller in 1989 (3) defined it as “A live microbial feed supplement which beneficially affects the host animal by improving its intestinal microbial balance.” Havenaar and Huis Int Veld in 1992 (4) said probiotics are “A mono- or mixed culture of live microorganisms which, applied to animal or man, affect beneficially the host by improving the properties of the indigenous microflora.” ILSI (International Life Sciences Institute) Europe Working Group (1998) (9): “so what is impact on health?
Consumption of probiotics is associated with a range of health benefits including stimulation of the immune system, protection against diarrhoeal diseases and nosocomial and respiratory tract infections, lowering of cholesterol and anticancer effects.
Article Probiotics and Gastrointestinal Infections
Chapter Probiotics, Immunomodulation, and Health Benefits
First, I would like to mention that the early definitions you use on the "growth promoting factors" and "substances" are now defined as PREbiotics. The impact on health is now acquired a huge number of publications, most of it positive on the benefits. I would like to ask though, what do you mean by "OTIC" microorganisms? 'Otic' refers to the ear.....
THE effect on health in general is through their functions as shown .
There need to add the definition of WHO..https://journals.lww.com/jcge/Citation/2012/10001/FAO_WHO_Guidelines_on_Probiotics__10_Years_Later.2.aspx
2. Health Affect Includes Modulation of Gen Expression through Its Metabolites; miRNA, Blancing Gut Microbiome as well as Antagonism Work for Infectious Bacteria.. Can see and find a lot of Literature using This Few terms
It is the cornerstone for immunity and diversity of the microbial flora
Kindly see the following RG links and PDF attachment.
Article Role of Probiotics in health improvement, infection control ...
Chapter Health Benefits of Probiotic Consumption
With all the advantages of the probiotics and in a way have good safe , but still there are problem withers side effects , gene transfer and some serious effect on immune compromised person , now we have the new group which called POSTBIOTICS which can do the job of probiotics and surpass the disadvantages of probiotics.
it maybe a way to reach the preservation of microbial flora to prevent foreseen non communicable diseases .
it is not OTIC , it is post biotic , or metabolite from the lysis of bacteria or interactions with the probiotics.
Consumption of probiotics is associated with a range of health benefits including stimulation of the immune system, protection against diarrhoeal diseases and nosocomial and respiratory tract infections, lowering of cholesterol and anticancer effects.
Article Probiotics and Gastrointestinal Infections
Chapter Probiotics, Immunomodulation, and Health Benefits
Consumption of probiotics improves mental health.
Article Effect of Probiotics on Central Nervous System Functions in ...
Article The effects of probiotics on mental health and hypothalamic–...
Article Clinical and metabolic response to probiotic administration ...
Probiotic food intake from fermented dairy products and vegetables is inversely associated with depressive symptoms in the general population.
Psychobiotics are microorganisms, when ingested in adequate amounts, produces a health benefit in patients suffering from psychiatric disorders.
Article Psychobiotics: A new approach for treating mental illness?
Article Psychobiotics: An emerging probiotic in psychiatric practice
https://res.mdpi.com/d_attachment/ijerph/ijerph-16-03128/article_deploy/ijerph-16-03128-v3.pdf
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