Rapeseed (Brassica napus) and mustard (Brassica juncea) are both members of the Brassicaceae family and share many similarities, but they also have some morphological differences.
Here are some of the key differences between the two:
Plant Height and Growth Habit:Rapeseed: Rapeseed plants are typically taller, with a more upright growth habit. They can reach heights of around 3 to 5 feet (1 to 1.5 meters). Mustard: Mustard plants are generally shorter and bushier compared to rapeseed. They have a more compact growth habit and are often around 1 to 3 feet (0.3 to 0.9 meters) in height.
Leaf Shape and Size:Rapeseed: Rapeseed leaves are broader and have a slightly different shape, with some variations depending on the cultivar. They can be more lanceolate (long and narrow) or ovate (oval) in shape. Mustard: Mustard leaves are typically narrower and more deeply lobed, giving them a distinctive feathery appearance. The leaves are more pinnately divided into lobes.
Flower Color and Arrangement:Rapeseed: Rapeseed flowers can vary in color, ranging from bright yellow to pale yellow. They are arranged in dense clusters at the tops of the stems. Mustard: Mustard flowers are also yellow, but they can be more vivid and deeper in color compared to rapeseed. The flowers are arranged in looser clusters along the stems.
Pod Structure:Rapeseed: Rapeseed pods are longer and more cylindrical, with a smoother surface. They are typically 3 to 6 inches (7.5 to 15 cm) in length. Mustard: Mustard pods are shorter and broader, often more flattened, and can have a slightly textured surface. They are generally shorter, around 2 to 4 inches (5 to 10 cm) in length.
Seed Size and Color:Rapeseed: Rapeseed seeds are smaller and rounder, with a range of colors including yellow, brown, and black. Mustard: Mustard seeds are slightly larger and can have various colors as well, including yellow, brown, and black. The seeds are used as a spice and condiment.
It's important to note that the distinctions between rapeseed and mustard can be subtle and may vary among different cultivars and varieties within each species. Both plants are widely cultivated for their oil-rich seeds and have significant agricultural and culinary importance. The morphological differences described here can help botanists, farmers, and researchers distinguish between the two species.