To extract biofilm formation following methods have been used:

1. Simple centrifugation

2. Vortexing-Sonification-Vortexing method (V-S-V)

2. Centrifugation with ultrasonification

3. Chemical method using formaldehyde and NaOH

To extract biofilm formation following methods have been used:

1. Simple centrifugation

2. Vortexing-Sonification-Vortexing method (V-S-V)

2. Centrifugation with ultrasonification

3. Chemical method using formaldehyde and NaOH

Vortexing before sonication helps in dislodging any loosely attached layers of biofilm and enhances the effect of sonication on deep-seated layers that are strongly attached to the catheter surfaces.

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