The wireless channel between Alice and Bob can be exploited as a source of common randomness in order to distil a key. Ideally, all bits are independent from each other and drawn from a Bernoulli (0.5). This implies a truly random key-sequence and the entropy is maximised.
However, this is not always the case. I am interested in measuring the randomness of the key-sequence by using an entropy estimator whose input is a single, long but FINITE sequence.
Is there any default entropy estimator that is used in the literature in the field of physical key generation? If yes, what is the complexity of this algorithm?
DEAR PASCHOU YOU CAN OBTIAN GOOD RESPONSES HER
Physical Layer Secret-Key Generation with Discreet Cosine Transform ...
www2.compute.dtu.dk/~xefa/files/conf/2017_icc_skyglow.pdf
Traduire cette pagede G Margelis - Cité 4 fois - Autres articlesprevious works, we evaluate the entropy of the generated keys. In addition, we .... the literature usea quantizer like the one presented in [16], or a variation of it. .... that KLR is denoted as q, we canestimate the long-term average number of ...
Comparative simulation for physical layer key generation methods ...
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/7289068/ - Traduire cette pagede A Saad - 2015 - Cité 3 fois - Autres articlesComparative simulation for physical layer key generation methods ... techniques that are used togenerate secure symmetric physical layer keys. ... rate and process complexity is exploited toestimate the performance of the compared ... The randomness and entropy properties of the keysare verified using the NIST suite, ...[PDF]
Physical Layer Key Generation for Wireless ... - eScholarship
https://cloudfront.escholarship.org/dist/prd/.../qt73g1b6n6.pdf?t...
Traduire cette page5.12 Estimated Average Min-Entropy Results Comparison . ... management scheme built upon aphysical layer key generation technique that ... for its aforementioned applications, wireless technologies applied on many .... Literature Survey.[PDF]
1 Physical Layer Key Generation: Securing Wireless Communication ...
aicps.eng.uci.edu/papers/KeyGen-jiang-anthony-alfaruque.pdf
Traduire cette pagePhysical Layer Key Generation for Automotive Cyber-Physical Systems. 1:3 .... 2Entropy (more specifically Shannon Entropy) can be used as a quantified value of ..... case estimation, min-entropyprovides the lower bound of randomness. ...... Office of Research and Development, Washington, D.C. https://books.google.com/.
Entropy | Free Full-Text | A Review of Physical Layer Security ... - MDPI
https://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/20/10/730/htm
Traduire cette pagede L Sun - 201823 sept. 2018 - Literature Review of PLS Techniques for IoT ..... The procedure of physical layer key generation mainly includes four steps: (1) Channel probing: ... [62] applied the idea of probabilistic ciphering to distributed estimation, which ...
Efficient DCT-based secret key generation for the Internet of Things ...
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/.../S15708705183059... - Traduire cette pagede G Margelis - 201828 août 2018 - Physical layer security ... Strength (RSS) and measure its entropy to estimate the size of the extracted ... The former is used to quantify the maximum key generation rate, whilst the ... We compare the performance of SKYGlow to similar schemes in the literature, also designed for IoT applications, as well as ...
Unleashing the secure potential of the wireless physical layer: Secret ...
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/.../S18744907150007... - Traduire cette pagede A Badawy - 2016 - Cité 12 fois - Autres articlesWe present the steps used to extract the secret key from the estimated ... In relatively recentliterature [3], [4], [5], researchers started to exploit the ... In addition, the physical layer characteristicused to generate the secret key ... a highly mobile scenario to generate a secret key with acceptableentropy, i.e., key randomness.[PDF]
Key Generation from Wireless Channels - Queen's University Belfast
https://pure.qub.ac.uk/.../IEEE_Access_Key_Generation_Review.p...
Traduire cette pageIndex Terms—Physical layer security, key generation, wireless communication ..... channelestimation is used in practical implementation [30],. [31], [65] as the ...[PDF]
Dear Saadane,
Thank you for you reply. This paper does not specify what entropy estimator is used. It happens, though, to know the author personally and I asked him. Dr Margelis has used the NIST test for randomness. This must be the industrial standard. The latter also answers to my question.
Hello
you can refer to pattern recognition techniques such as Parzen window or k-Nearest-neighbor to gain Entropy of source. By assuming that the source is ergodic, you can use signal processing techniques such as moving average filter to gain entropy of source and also ARMA filter for channel entropy computation (conditional entropy).
The so-called "entropy " doesn't exist at all.
During the process of deriving the so-called entropy, in fact, ΔQ/T can not be turned into dQ/T. That is, the so-called "entropy " doesn't exist at all.
The so-called entropy was such a concept that was derived by mistake in history.
It is well known that calculus has a definition,
any theory should follow the same principle of calculus; thermodynamics, of course, is no exception, for there's no other calculus at all, this is common sense.
Based on the definition of calculus, we know:
to the definite integral ∫T f(T)dQ, only when Q=F(T), ∫T f(T)dQ=∫T f(T)dF(T) is meaningful.
As long as Q is not a single-valued function of T, namely, Q=F( T, X, …), then,
∫T f(T)dQ=∫T f(T)dF(T, X, …) is meaningless.
1) Now, on the one hand, we all know that Q is not a single-valued function of T, this alone is enough to determine that the definite integral ∫T f(T)dQ=∫T 1/TdQ is meaningless.
2) On the other hand, In fact, Q=f(P, V, T), then
∫T 1/TdQ = ∫T 1/Tdf(T, V, P)= ∫T dF(T, V, P) is certainly meaningless. ( in ∫T , T is subscript ).
We know that dQ/T is used for the definite integral ∫T 1/TdQ, while ∫T 1/TdQ is meaningless, so, ΔQ/T can not be turned into dQ/T at all.
that is, the so-called "entropy " doesn't exist at all.
Why did the wrong "entropy" appear ?
In summary , this was due to the following two reasons:
1) Physically, people didn't know Q=f(P, V, T).
2) Mathematically, people didn't know AΔB couldn‘t become AdB directely .
If people knew any one of them, the mistake of entropy would not happen in history.
Please read my paper and those answers of the questions related to my paper in my Projects.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/230554936_Entropy_A_concept_that_is_not_a_physical_quantity
This may be helpful...
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/7ee3/f0e102b90804822394383866e7b2e879174e.pdf
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