What do you think is the main advantage of cell membrane-camouflaged nanoparticles, according to your experience?
Dear Miguel Pereira-Silva, the purpose behind camouflage is to make NPs stealth in front of 'control' system, for example the immune defense system. Once they are not recognized, the may last longer in doing their job. So it depend on what for the NPs are designed and destined. My Regards
Miguel Pereira-Silva
A nanoparticle cannot be identified with a biological cell. Otherwise, it cannot work according to the immune system program. We can talk about the properties of the nanoparticle/cell interface:
1.Nanoparticle properties: Size, shape and surface area. Surface charge and energy, ruggedness and porosity. Valency and conductivity. — Functional groups. Crystallinity and presence of defects. Hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity;
2.Environmental qualities: Water molecules. Acids and bases. Salts and multivalent ions. Dissolved organic compounds. Surfactants. Polyelectrolytes;
3.Solid-liquid interface: Hydration and dehydration of the surface. Restructuring of the surface and release of free energy. Adsorption of charges and organic molecules. Formation of an electric double layer, ζ-potential, isoelectric point. Electrostatic and electrosteric interactions. Aggregation, dispersion and dissolution. Hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions;
4. Nano-bio interface: Specific and nonspecific interactions with the membrane. Receptor–ligand interactions. Membrane envelopment (initiating and blocking factors). Interactions with biomolecules (lipids, proteins, DNA), leading to structural and functional effects. Transfer of free energy to biomolecules and their oxidative damage. Conformational changes of biomolecules. Damage to mitochondria and lysosomes.
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