"Ground truth" refers to information collected on location. Ground truth allows image data to be related to real features and materials on the ground.
Ground truth also helps with atmospheric correction. Since images from satellites obviously have to pass through the atmosphere, they can get distorted because of absorption in the atmosphere. So ground truth can help fully identify objects in satellite photos.
"Ground truth" means a set of measurements that is known to be much more accurate than measurements from the system you are testing.
For example, suppose you are testing a stereo vision system to see how well it can estimate 3D positions. The "ground truth" might be the positions given by a laser rangefinder which is known to be much more accurate than the camera system.
If the location coordinates returned by a location method such as GPS are an estimate of a location, then the "ground truth" is the actual location on earth.
For additional information you can see the following links
The observed color at any point on an object is influenced by several factors like the shape and material of the object, the positions and colors of the light sources, and the position of the viewer.
Ground truth is a common terminology that is widely used in various fields to basically refer to any kind of information provided by direct observation.
In Remote Sensing, Ground truth is the information or data collected on site so that the input data (image) can be related to the actual features and is considered to be much correct and appropriate than the input features. This process compares the pixel on a satellite image to what is there in reality (at the present time) in order to verify the contents of the pixel on the image. Further, Error of Commission and Omission can be calculated for accuracy assessment.
Kindly refer to the paper attached where the researchers has tried creating the ground truth dataset for image algorithms (Ground Truth1.pdf) and the second pdf is a chapter on the same.
Ground truth data are explained from their names. It means field collected samples about earth objects to verify extracted information from processed data (images as an example). When these ground truth information become large they will be stored in databases according to their use objectives. In that case they will be called databases of ground truth data. Datasets is a collection of similar type of data (i.e. images) for research purpose (i. e. dataset of MRI images, dataset of atmospheric corrected images).