Chronic low-dose exposure to nanoparticles (NPs) is a growing concern in nanotoxicology due to the increasing use of nanomaterials in medicine, cosmetics, electronics, agriculture, and food. Even at low doses, long-term exposure can potentially lead to accumulation and delayed health effects.
Chronic Low-Dose Nanoparticle Exposure: Key Risks
Genotoxicity: Long-term exposure may cause mutations and affect DNA repair.
Immune Effects: Can suppress or overactivate the immune system.
Hormonal Disruption: Some NPs interfere with endocrine signaling.
Barrier Penetration: NPs can cross the blood-brain and placental barriers.
Gut Microbiome Impact: May disturb gut flora and overall health.