Effective strategies for reducing the hidden costs of plastic pollution in a lawless country include increasing public awareness, implementing and enforcing laws.
I note that your title and your question refer to a "lawless country".... one of your suggestions was "implementing and enforcing laws"... how do you do that in a lawless country?
I think the solution is to make the handling of plastic waste profitable. That means paying for collected plastic. In Norway, which is strictly regulated by law, this is the only solution. Large users have deposit schemes, but we also have volunteers who collect loose plastic in campaigns for a certain reward.
Implementing and enforcing laws in lawless countries can be a challenging task. There are several approaches that can be taken to achieve this goal.
Education and awareness: Education and awareness programs can help promote a culture of lawfulness and discourage criminal behavior. Most lawless countries have dysfunctional educational system and infrastructure. Often lecturers and teachers are on strike. This somehow affects the quality of education regarding programs that teach citizens about their rights and responsibilities under the law, as well as programs that provide information about the consequences of criminal behavior.
Conflict resolution: In many lawless countries like Nigeria, religious, tribal and ethnic conflicts and disputes can lead to violence and criminal behavior. Therefore, it is important to promote conflict resolution strategies, such as mediation and arbitration, to help resolve disputes peacefully.
Building strong institutions: Creating a robust legal system, an independent judiciary, and a competent law enforcement agency can help. These institutions can help ensure that laws are enforced fairly and impartially, and that those who break the law are held accountable.
Dealing with corruption: Corruption can be a major obstacle to enforcing laws in lawless countries. it is important to address corruption at all levels of government and law enforcement. This can include implementing anti-corruption measures, prosecuting corrupt officials, and promoting transparency in government operations.
Community policing: Community policing is a strategy that involves building relationships between law enforcement agencies and the communities they serve. This approach can help build trust and cooperation between law enforcement and citizens, making it easier to enforce the law and prevent crime.
International cooperation: The international criminal court and other International cooperation can be crucial in enforcing laws in lawless countries. This can involve working with other countries to track down and prosecute criminals, as well as sharing intelligence and resources to prevent and investigate criminal activity