Other than by Gas Chromatography, there are few very methods for analysis of trihalomethanes. Some of the alternative methods are reported in a review which has just been published. Several colorimetric methods are reported, often just for chloroform. There is also the flow injection method based on fluorescence detection. It allows on-line monitoring of total THM in near-real time but not the speciation.
Jin, Min, Zhi-feng Wen, Ya-jie Liu, Min Qian, Yu Zhou, Yu Bian, Yuan Zhang, and Xue-song Feng. 2023. ‘Trihalomethanes in Water Samples: Recent Update on Pretreatment and Detection Methods’. Chemosphere 341 (November): 140005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140005
Otherwise, the direct coupling of static headspace to a mass spectrometer detector has been studied in the past, but this only detects the total THM concentration.
Serrano, A., and M. Gallego. 2007. ‘Rapid Determination of Total Trihalomethanes Index in Drinking Water’. Journal of Chromatography A 1154 (1): 26–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2007.03.101
Recently a headspace ion flow tube mass spectrometry (HS-SIFT-MS) method was developed, able to give the THM4 speciation, but there may still be some interferences.
Perkins, Mark J., and Vaughan S. Langford. 2022. ‘Application of Headspace-SIFT-MS to Direct Analysis of Hazardous Volatiles in Drinking Water’. Environments 9 (10): 124. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments9100124
In reality only headspace GC and purge and trap GC with either ECD or mass spectrometric detection works.
Methods for analyzing trihalomethanes (THMs) in water, besides gas chromatography and liquid chromatography, include ion chromatography, mass spectrometry, solid phase microextraction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), UV-visible spectroscopy, and colorimetric methods.
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