accurate flux estimation in different modes of operation is one of the major challenge in estimation of speed of an induction motor.

Hi, most of the electric vehicles use sensors while implementing Motors (IM as well as PMSM) . Because vehicle speed will be calculated from motor speed. The manufactorers are ensuring that these sensors show precise value. And these values are sent via CAN mostly. Based on the available speed information control theory works (four quadrant motor operation).

For sensorless control check the papers of Ralph Kennel, TU Munich

In any vehicle, speed should be user defined (user is free to accelerate, decelerate or stop) and he may be using v/f speed control for that...but speed is the function of load also, as load increases speed decreases. Load is depends on the slope of road and number of person or luggage in the vehicle..vehicle will run at equliberium point where load torque will be equivalent to electro magnetic torque developed by the motor and speed will vary according to the torque speed chara for a given v and f..if we need another speed for same load, we have to select another set of v and f so that we gets new equilibrium point...as user need a specific speed, vehicle speed should be feedback to the v/f control. .Sensor is used to identify the vehicle speed for giving feedback to v/f control. If you are restricted to place sensor, u have to find a method to give reference to v/f control...that will be the perfect research gap...however, as we are having accurate sensors we should use those

Good question, follow