I usually make silica slurry in hexane and after a good mixture of silica and hexane, I pack the column, and finally use an air-pressure pump to pack the column well?
However, sometimes the column breaks while doing purification?
What pressures will the final column be used at (bar/psi)?
What column type (i.e. Steel, Glass... ) and size column (Dimensions ID x L)?
What do you mean be, "column breaks" ? The column tube or perhaps you refer to the packed support forming a void or channels? *The technique used depends on the above.
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Try vibrating the column as you pack and slow the silica addition rate. Column breaks are caused by non-uniformities in the packed bed. By tapping the column continuously or packing it on a vibrating table (or in an ultrasonic bath), you minimize these as the particles are given some lateral motion. By slowing down the silica addition rate (i.e., use a lower density of silica to hexane) you build up the bed layer-by-layer and prevent bridging of particles over voids in the bed.
Try packing the column in a little bit of the "strong" solvent, that you will use for the step-gradients later. You only need 1 or 2% v/v. I find that the strong solvent adsorbs on the column surface generating heat and bubbles. As most compounds won't elute in pure hexane, starting at 1-2% B solvent may improve your chromatography for non-polar compounds. See here (although written for pre-packed columns, it applies equally to hand-packed ones too): https://www.teledyneisco.com/en-us/chromatography/blog/proper-equilibrium
While running the column, don't let it get dry. Cracks and breaks are from the packing material settling further as the particles lose support from the solvent creating the dreaded channels.