Lead based perovskites are toxic and subject to international waste disposal regulations. That is why they are replaced by some lead free perovskites, Methyl Ammonium Bismuth Halide, Methyl Ammonium Tin Halide and Formamidinium etc. have shown great exposure in lead free perovskite solar cell fabrication. Among these materials, Methyl Ammonium Bismuth Halide (iodide) have shown quite better results than others. Are there some other lead free perovskites used in solar cell fabrication? What are their synthesis methods?
Dear Hasan,
It is noticed that the conversion efficiency of the lead iodide perovskites is the largest among the perovskite solar cells. It is argued that the quantity of Lead in such very thin solar cells is even smaller than than the lead used in soldering the conventional silicon solar cells. Also, there is recycling methods at the end of the life of the solar modules. So, I think the chance for such lead free solar cells is little to compete against the lead containing solar cells.
Best wishes
Dear Hasan,
It is noticed that the conversion efficiency of the lead iodide perovskites is the largest among the perovskite solar cells. It is argued that the quantity of Lead in such very thin solar cells is even smaller than than the lead used in soldering the conventional silicon solar cells. Also, there is recycling methods at the end of the life of the solar modules. So, I think the chance for such lead free solar cells is little to compete against the lead containing solar cells.
Best wishes
Thanks Abdelhalim Zekry Sir, exactly, this is difficult to replace lead based peroskites. This is important to save environment and bismuth based materials/perovskites could play important role in fabrication of lead free PSCs.
Nowadays, the lead-free is quite hard to replace lead-based perovskite, for efficiency, the Sn based is the best lead free perovskite, but the stability is really really really quite bad. The Bi based perovskite is another promising one with very good stability and some photo voltaic performance.
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