Binary components like ethanol and water on mixing together develop homogeneous liquid mixtures. This is possible only when solute like ethanol mixing with solvent like water disrupts the cohesive energy of the water and transform it into kinetic energy. Such mechanism allows water monomers to bind with ethanol through the hydrogen bonding between the water and the ethanol. Thus the transformation of cohesive energy which is depicted with surface tension into kinetic initiatives the ethanol to shear it into the water at certain shear rate or frictional force. Thus, the above mechanism allows ethanol binding with water. Ultimately the weakening of cohesive energy or forces generate the shear stress or frictional forces to allow ethanol to homogeneously bound with water through the hydrogen bonding. This mechanism is noted as friccohesity. The binding constant is determined by plotting the friccohesity values vs the concentrations of the ethanol at constant temperature. Extrapolation of the friccohesity values towards zero concentration determines the concentration independent friccohesity values which is noted as binding constant.

Binding of ethanol through the hydrogen bonding developed between the water and ethanol rather than water and water hydrogen bonding. Thus the ethanol is added to the water through the hydrogen bonding where a resulting solution has different density and volume from both the water and ethanol separately. Hence its mass difference. thus additivity is calculated from the volume x density of mixture.

Dear Pr. Man Singh

There are some domains and scientists, where the surface tension is symbolized by ( σ ) and not ( γ ) for several decades.

I we want to treat the friccohesity, what other symbol you suggest to use?

φ or φh or what?

Please help as to don't lose this opportunity to test the friccohesity in new systems.

Thank you in advance!

Dear Noureddine Ouerfelli

It is a very golden idea to treat friccohesity by φ or φh, I like it. Fundamentally friccohesity is an operator which acts as coefficient of transformation of cohesive energy denoted with surface tension or surface energy into a shear stress through the interactions of the medium with the solute or the ingredients. Basically the friccohesity establishes a diagonal relationship with the solute fluid dynamics embedded/coveted within the solvent cage because the solvent is structured either by hydrogen bonding or electrostatic dipolar interactions. Thus two flow rates works that establish shear stress with certain stress rate. So the operating symbol could most befitting for representing friccohesity. I request you to write a booklet on the friccohesity. I will assist you in discussion whenever you need and also will send the aqeduate text. Please guide as you are right academician who have understood the theme of friccohesity. So in light of above background suggest some good symbol.

https://www.ikbooks.com/books/book/food-science-technology/innovative-approachphysicochemical-analysis/9789384588953/

Dear professor Man Singh ,

Thank you for your interest in scientific concepts, etc.

I admit that I am not a good connoisseur of friccohesity, I try to follow very gently, each time I understand a point, I try to act modestly by asking your advice and advice, to apply it correctly in some systems.

1 * / Concerning the symbol, I prefer φh (FriccoHesity).

2 * / I ask another point: since the friccohesity is the ratio of viscosity by surface tension, I think that the friccohesity-temperature dependence is affected by that of viscosity which it's dominant and the friccohesity is well described by Arrhenius-type equation? It's a simple opinion, I have no idea. Waiting your response.

Thank you in advance!

Dear Prof Noureddine Ouerfelli,

Congrats for initiating the creative deliberations about friccohesity. Actually, the friccohesity is not a straightforward ratio of viscosity by surface tension. However, the viscosity and surface tension of solvent are considered as the standard ratio but the actual expression of friccohesity is utilization of cohesive energy or the potential energy which makes liquids together through several operators like electrostatic dipoles, hydrogen bonds, philophobic coefficient, electronic and vibrational motions. These operators constitute the cohesive energy. These operators strengthen the interactions to occur among the similar molecules only. But when solute is added then how does cohesive energy of solvent respond to presence of solute. Until and unless the cohesive energy does not favourably respond to the structure of the solute no chemical process occurs. But for nonideal systems the cohesive energy decreases and is transformed into interaction vis-a-vis solute interacting activity. However, I have come across one of studies where the cohesive energy is increased. These solute and solvent interactions develop a shear as per structure of the solute. For example, macromolecules which have several structural constituents of philic and phobic natures. Thus, such systems develop domain of hydrophilic and hydrophobic localized active sites which differently respond to fluid dynamics with certain rheology. Now the cohesive energy is used by solute domain wise where the solvent molecules reorient and equilibrate the system where the scenario of the shear stress and cohesive energy seem to b on a mechanistic theme. Such overall interaction energy engineering is illustrated by intramolecular multiple force theory which is driven by composition and structural constituents of the solute. Thus the friccohesity reveals the overall interacting mechanism and acts as a cohesive and kinetic string of the interactions. Such mechanism becomes very effective in case of friccohesity of the nanoemulsisons. Also similar to Walden product, the friccohesity depicts a coefficient of frictional forces and cohesive forces. Thus, it is derived from frictional forces and cohesive forces. So its Fric is derived from frictional and cohesity is derived from cohesive forces. However, the φh (FriccoHesity) very attractive for me, it am taking it as a new dimension of the friccohesity. I will work on this theme.

Article Surface tension and viscosity measurements of liquids with t...

Could you spare time to visit my university, India.

Dear professor Man Singh

We have some questions, thank you for your patience.

1*/ How vary the friccohesity with temperature, is it n linear or no, or is it linear with 1/T or non linear, or how? if you have already do experience on any system.

2*/ Since your friccohesity give more information on interaction, if you haven't possibility to have data on our studied system, but we have data on viscosity and surface tension. can we use the ancient definition: viscosity/surface tension, but we name it as an apparent friccohesity (φha).

I have tested this property in one of your paper, I find that it's very close to your true friccohesity calculated by the Manshing equation.

So, I see that I can use the old definition when the true value is not available, Just to interpret globally the studied phenomenon and its general trend when another property varies. The friccohesity, reveals interesting behaviors, more than viscosity or surface tension isolated.

My team wish to invite you to contribute with us on this point.

Thank you in advance.

Dear Prof. Noureddine Querfelli

Thanks for your valuable input about friccohesity, your points are interesting to predict the interactions being materialized at variable temperature where the friccohesity acts as an indicator. Fundamentally solute and solvent interact through their surface areas, surface energies, surface charges, and orientations. These points generate adhesion when solvent molecules interact with solute. Stronger adhesion generates higher shear stress with a lower shear rate where the solvent is largely destabilized so its cohesive forces are weakened in developing adhesion. Therefore the mixture with stronger adhesive forces produces higher friccohesity. So if temperature favors weakening of cohesive forces and increase in adhesion of solvent then the friccohesity further increases. In such situation the coefficient of viscosity/surface tension could be a most authentic data to predict the mixing or homogenization of the industrial ingredients. The strong electrolytes like NaCl with water, increases both the shear stress and cohesion because the hydrogen bonded water is now reoriented around the Na cation and Cl anion. These reorientational patterns of dipoles of water develop stronger Lennard Jone potential. So Na cations and Cl anions act as central cores to align water molecules with stronger cohesive forces. Thus the friccohesity for variable temperature act as linear coefficient. However, we have come across different scene in case of nanoemulsions where on increasing temperature the friccohesity is decreased. In general, the nanoemulsions have highest friccohesity because the solvent molecules develop monolayer around nanoparticles. See Fig.3 of attached paper. We found that on increasing temperature of the nanoemulsions made up of water, ethanol, glycerol, curcumin, oil, surfactants. The water molecules get reoriented to develop its monolayer around the ingredients as a common medium with high kinetic energy. Therefore the increasing temperature destabilized the nanoemulsions and the water molecules partially opted out due to higher kinetic energy at higher temperature. So more and more water molecules come together and the cohesive forces are increased that decreased the friccohesity.

Your opinion about apparent friccohesity is appreciable, you could also consult the books.

1. https://www.amazon.in/Innovative-Approach-Physicochemical-Analysis-Singh/dp/9384588954

2. https://www.amazon.in/Survismeter-Fundamentals-Applications-Man-Singh-ebook/dp/B07N8KC4CM.

This discussion is short and sent to you so that you could plan more about friccohesity. It is my pleasure to contribute more as per your requirement and queries. I will send detailed reply also.

Dear professor Man Singh

Happy new Year 2021!

We have calculated the apparent friccohesity (φha) for a binary liquid alloy at different compositions and temperatures. We have found interesting new behavior, not like in molecular systems.

Have you time to help us to interpret some findings as an honor co-author?.

This is one response of Pr Man Singh by mail, I have seen that it may be interesting for readers.

Since the fluidity is a function of molecular interactions among a pure liquid like water or binary like ethanol -water. These interactions engineer cohesive and adhesive networking of molecules in mixtures.

Additivity seems when the molecules seem to orient similarly by inducing similar molecular motions like translational, rotational, electronic, vibration during flows. These motions if remain constant vis-a-vis surface charges of the inner diameter of a capillary. Then you mar mark then Newtonian because number of ethanol and water clubbing with definite adhesive forces out of their cohesive forces at specific temperature are reproducible. Hence their joint venture as additivity due to adhesive forces derived out of their individual cohesive forces or the potential energy. Another case like protein water, protein with time undergo unfolding so the adhesive forces of protein water mixture holding water molecule keep changes with time.  so, fluidity keeps changing with time noted non-Newtonian liquid because the surface area and charges of unfolding proteins vary with time so their adhesive forces to be driven from their own cohesive forces remain the key points. Thus, the coefficient of cohesive and adhesive is expressed by friccohesity or friccohesity chemistry. It is measured with survismeter. 

Prof. Man Singh

This is one response of Pr Man Singh by mail, I have seen that it may be interesting for readers.

For such systems friccohesity is the most significant data because adherence of atoms together fractionates the metallic forces or the cohesive forces into reorienting or working activities. Hence friccohesity an index of cohesive forces and adhesive or frictional forces generate a new physicochemical state with new state functions. Soon I will send the detailed explanation.

Prof. Man Singh