Electrospun membranes appear to be increasingly popular for water treatment applications. I under how they are fabricated, etc but Im not quite how they are used, I would be grateful if someone could answer the below questions:

1) Electrospun mats as spun appear like white flexible sheets. Are these used as is? or do they need to be place on a supporting surface?

2) In some papers I've seen the electrospun membrane being placed on nonwoven polyester substrates, im not quite sure why this is done?

Thanks,

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