Dear Austin, thanks for your useful answer.

In my understanding, TiO2 usually achieves higher absolute efficiencies but SnO2 achieves better stabilities over time. A caveat is that TiO2 is more heavily researched in PSCs to date so SnO2's potential may not be fully realized. If you are thinking about real world use, a small tradeoff in efficiency for much greater stability is worth it depending on the degree of the effect.

Based solely on the abstract of the second paper you attached (which I do not have access to) this group claims to achieve within 1% efficiency of similar PSCs in literature using SnO2 instead of TiO2. They also achieved high stability in humid conditions, although this is probably also due to the triple cation mixture causing entropic stabilization of the perovskite phase. Their results are impressive. It is worth noting that their stabilized efficiencies are ~1.9% absolute less than the world record efficiency on TiO2, although the devices are significantly different based on a quick read so it is difficult to say exactly why.

Dear Austin, thanks for your useful answer.

Good question

Good answer dear Austin

You are welcom as authors : https://www.ijeca.info/index.php/IJECA/about/editorialTeam