The second law of thermodynamics states that the number of equations is greater than the number of variables. They mutually constrain each other.

01 January 1970 1 4K Report

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Jürgen Weippert

That's not a consequence of the 2nd law of thermodynamics, that's simply the symmetry of second derivatives [also known as Schwarz theorem, Clairaut theorem or Young theorem] which is valid for any mathematical function of state. By this method, the extremely useful Maxwell relations can be derived for a single system.

No mathematical or physical overdefinition issues observed here.

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