Hello,

I provide you with some materials for the 316L SS in molten state:

http://www.outokumpu.com/sitecollectiondocuments/outokumpu-stainless-steel-handbook.pdf

https://lwrs.inl.gov/Materials%20Aging%20and%20Degradation/Mechanical_Properties_of_304L_and_316L_Austenitic_Stainless_Steels_after_Thermal_Aging_for_1500_Hours.pdf

http://www.pyrometallurgy.co.za/InfaconVI/2007-Brimacombe.pdf

Wishing for success in scientific work

Emil Yankov

The surface tensions of liquid stainless steels decreased markedly with increasing sulphur concentration in the steels. The variation of surface tensions of liquid stainless steels can be described by the following equation σ = 1790 − 182 ln (1 + 260aS) (mN/m) when only S is considered or σ = 1820 − 304 ln (1 + 383aO) − 182ln (1 + 260aS) (mN/m) when both S and O are considered.

More information about that can be found in below link.

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10853-005-1931-x

I hope this helps.

@ Raheem Kh. Al-Sabur

Thank you sir. The data you provided is informative. sir can we relate the surface tension of the molten steel with other alloying elements such as Chromium (Cr) Nickel (Ni) and others.

@ Emil Hristov Yankov

thank you sir for your valuable suggestion.

There are many researchers studied The temperature dependence of surface tension and density for Fe–Cr–Mo (AISI 4142), Fe–Cr–Ni (AISI 304), and Fe–Cr–Mn–Ni TRIP/TWIP high-manganese (16 wt% Cr, 7 wt% Mn, and 3–9 wt% Ni) using the conventional maximum bubble pressure (MBP) and sessile drop (SD) methods. In addition, the surface tension of liquid steel is measured using the oscillating droplet method . The temperature coefficient of surface tension (dσ/dT) is positive for liquid steel samples, which can be explained by the concentration of surface active elements

Please see the below article

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10853-015-9277-5

The temperature coefficient of surface tension (dσ / dT) is positive for liquid steel samples only in a narrow range near the melting point. There is an inversion point at 100-200 degrees above the melting point above which (dσ / dT) is always negative.

@rinat thank you sir, sir can you suggest some literatures or data sets from where i can get the surface tension value and the gradient with temperature.

The best monograph is written in Russian - Nizhenko V. I., Foka L. I. Surface tension of liquid metals and alloys. 1981. But I guess your problems with the Russian language.

So I can recommend an article T. R. Anthony, H. E. Cline - J. Appl. Phys., v. 48, No 9, 1977, pp 3888-3894 where you can find surface tension and temperature coefficient of surface tension (dσ / dT) for a wide range of pure metals taken from Metal Reference Book, 5 th ed., London, 1976.