IYH Dear M R Ravi

Specifically for images I would suggest

R. Hu and S. Xiang, "Cover-Lossless Robust Image Watermarking Against Geometric Deformations," in IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 30, pp. 318-331, 2021, doi: 10.1109/TIP.2020.3036727.

Article Cover-Lossless Robust Image Watermarking Against Geometric D...

tl/dr: A novel and effective approach for achieving the challenging goal of cover-lossless robust image watermarking against geometric attacks, representing an important advance in the field.

Here are the key ideas:

Experiments showed compensation information was ~1/60th of prior work, making reversible embedding practical. Watermarked images maintained >38dB PSNR. The watermarks withstood rotations, scalings, JPEG/JPEG2000 compressions, and noise, outperforming previous methods. Cover images could be perfectly recovered without attacks.

Since the method relies on the distortion-resistance of low-order Zernike moments, performance may degrade under stronger attacks. Audio/video likely would require more work. Also, calculating Zernike moments, especially to high orders, involves factorial operations that increase computational complexity. For real-time or large dataset applications, the performance may need to be optimized. Lastly since Zernike moments are computed within a circular region, distortions or cropping near the image borders could potentially affect the moments more than internal areas.

One surprising finding (see key idea 2 above): Representing distortion as three separate errors, particularly the inclusion of the "rounded error" from post-embedding rounding, proved highly effective in minimizing the compensation information size - an unexpected but critical insight for making the approach practical.

Here are some recommended research papers on geospatial data security:

These papers cover a range of topics related to geospatial data security, including privacy-preserving techniques, secure data sharing, and location privacy. They can serve as a valuable resource for understanding the challenges and solutions in securing geospatial data.