Since ROS is a byproduct of oxygen metabolism, it is reasonable to think that hypoxia can inhibit ROS by reducing O2. But hypoxia also causes many pathological changes (such as apoptosis) via increasing ROS. Both aspects have literature support. What should I believe?
Hypoxia induces ROS even though it seems counterintuitive. On electronic transport chain, O2(-) is generated on complexes I and III and O2 is consumed on complex V. Hypoxia inhibits ATPase (Complex V) activity thereby impairs electron transport, which increases O2(-) production.
Exposure to hyopixia leads to metabolic and physiological changes. Hyopixa-induced stress leads to an imbalance between antioxidant capacity and oxidants. Hypoxia also evokes an inflammatory response in vascular tissue and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells which can contribute to the generation of ROS. Moller et al. (2001) published a paper in FASEB demonstrating acute hypoxia and oxidative damage to DNA.
One of the reasons why tumors employ aerobic glycolysis preferentialy is to reduce OXPHOS at mitochondrial level. Because OXPHOS increases ROS.
Hypoxia is the most powerful inducer of aerobic glycolysis.
Hypoxia inhibits ATPase activity. It also evokes inflammation which in turn leads to ROS production.
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