What are different unwanted phases (apart from Alite, Belite, C3A and C4AF) that can be formed while synthesis of portland cement using wastes of calcium, silica and alumina oxide sources. How to characterize them apart from XRD ?
Dear Rajesh,
Very interesting discussion you just started! A large range of compounds next to the main phases could be present:
Calcium oxide - CaO
Periclase - MgO
Arcanite - K2SO4 Calcium Langbeinite - K2Ca2(SO4)3 Aphthitalite - K3Na(SO4)2 Sylvite - KCl
Spurrite - Ca5(SiO4)2(CO3) Ternesite - Ca5(SiO4)2(SO4) Ellestadite - Ca10(SiO4)3(SO4)3(OH)2 Ye'elimite - Ca4(AlO2)6(SO4)
Since the final chemical composition apart from the main phases, viz. alite, belite, C3A, and C4AF, can be quite weird, XRDs might be hard to interprete. A possible way out, could be PL or RL, since luminescence is strongly dependent on the chemical environment and rather sensitive. Reasonable and cheap dopants might be the TM ions Cr3+ or Fe3+, which are both NIR emitter.
All the best for your research,
Thomas
Dear Rajesh Kumar Sharma ,
As stated by Dr. Thomas Jüstel, there are many possibilities, not to mention the possible stoichiometry change in each one.
It is possible to have a reasonable X-ray analysis; however, the possibilities only based on X-ray would not be straightforward.
Thermal analysis may help a lot for phases where the loose decomposition CO2, SO2, and so on would be easy to identify.
Also, IV can give a helping hand, teaching for the classes, such as O=S=O -C=o stretching and deformation bands, confirming the presence of some specific chemical functions.
It would be a puzzle; nevertheless, some phases such as SiO2, MgO, CaO are easy to identify.
Best regards,
WNM
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