It has been a quite long time since the Russia and Ukraine war has been going on and if we see the context of Geopolitics and International Relations we don't see a mediation between the two parties and ultimately the people of the two countries are facing the circumstances that arise by the governments.
Thanks.
By invading Ukraine on February 24, 2022 Russia violated Ukraine's territorial integrity. In order for a ceasefire or peace agreement to be achieved, the main obstacle is that Russia must remove its troops from Ukraine, an action that Russia in not willing to make.
Based on my past research and experience, when talking about the obstacles of achieving the peace agreement between Russia and Ukraine, the situation in Ukraine is not very different from the situation we had shortly before or during the Word War I. We can name it the state of deep distrust, caused by not respecting international law and fundamental moral values.
Ukrainian government and its supporters cannot believe anything what Russian government promises after the invasion. They believe they have to defeat or weaken the country in order not to be the next victim. But also Russia and its supporters (wether open or secret) thinks exactly in the same way in relation to USA and NATO, because they also saw them attacking or invading other countries in the recent past.
In order to make ceasefire or even peace agreement possible, I have formulated the "Peace Initiative project" (www.peace-initiative.net). I strongly believe that when it will be possible to bring it into the life, the conflict will be able to stop from one day to another, since it will be very difficult for any country to attack another, which will improve the trust and security.
I can also put my research here talking about the sources of World War I if someone is interested (published before 2022). It also shows how difficult was to prevent that war, and also to stop it.
The war is a result of the west's inability to decrypt, or acknowledge, the genuine geopolitical concerns of Russia. Russian reaction is the direct outcome of NATO's expansion. As long as US keeps on dodging the reality, war will go on. Confidence building measures can provide a way ahead.
Russian war aims appear to include at least conquering half of Ukraine and vassalization of the other half as a step to rebuild their empire. Those aims have not been achieved. Moreover, from Putin's perspective anything that could not be presented as clear victory justifying heavy economic and human cost, would likely lead to his downfall, which in Russia could be immediately dangerous to life or health, so continuing to send another wave of conscripts to no-men land appears as safer bet.
On the other hand Ukraine was insufficiently armed by the West to win the war, just only enough not to lose it (blame lack of political will or atrophy of military-industrial complex). However, Putin's demands are so wild, that they also take their chances as outcome of utterly losing the war wouldn't be much different than accepting Russian terms.
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