Yes, somatic embryos will go through a juvenile phase, similar to the seed growth of that species.
Yes, somatic embryo derived plants do have juvenile phase just like their zygotic embryo derived counterparts. Here is a link to a thesis that might be of help to you:
http://www.mgutheses.in/page/authors_view.php?q=T%202146&word=K
thank you Mr tarun
But related to stage was collecting explants for somatic embryogenesis!!
Ali, the plants derived from somatic embryos are just like the ones derived from seeds . They have no carry-over age effect unlike the plants that are produced from axillary bud proliferation where the physiological state and age is often carried over and can be seen in the newly produced plants. The reasons are, but obvious. Since somatic embryos (indirect) are obtained after dedifferentiation of the tissue (that is, callus formation), the cellular age is reset to that of embryonic cell-line. Hence the plants (emblings) obtained from somatic embryos show juvenility.
I strongly disagree with all who agree that somatic embryo-derived plants have juvenile phase. NEVER!! The juvenality comes solely from gametogenesis driven by meiosis. Somatic embryos may be "similar" to sexual seeds but are not the "same". Such embryos do not experience the meiotic phenomenon and are simply an extension of donor plant. There is no "resetting" (as Kant infers). Developmental reprogramming at best can explain the embryogenesis but can't be equated with sexual embryogenic processes.
Dr. Hanur, you may have your own opinion, but what I am explaining is based on my long experience of working with the process of somatic embryogenesis. It would be better if you could refute my explanation (above) with some scientific backing instead of emotions.
I think in addition to resetting, you have to consider that the mature phase needs sugars etc to maintain it, that just cannot happen in a somatic embryo, so it would start with the juvenile phase. IT does in all plants I have studied.
I found this paper:
In Vitro Flowering of Plantlets
Regenerated from Zygotic Embryoderived
Somatic Embryos of Ginseng
Haeng S. Lee, Jang R. Liu, Seung G. Yang, and Young H. Lee
HoRTSCIENCE 25(12):1652-1654. 1990
Abstract
These results indicate that adulthood of ginseng root explants is not a prerequisite for flowering of plantlets regenerated through somatic embryogenesis.
Download link:
http://hortsci.ashspublications.org/content/25/12/1652.full.pdf
I found one too: Nature 284, 341 - 342 (27 March 1980); doi:10.1038/284341a0 -same plant. But this does not mean the somatic embryos were adult. Your paper is from zygotic embryos, which would have been reset, and this from root callus. IT is more likely a result of miniaturization due to tissue culture and carry-over hormonal effect.
Read this one as well. Plant Cell Rep. 2003 Jun;21(9):838-43. Epub 2003 Apr 3.
Interesting papers. But one point we all should remember is that direct and indirect SEs behave in very different ways. Directly originating SE may carry over the physiological age while indirect SEs usually won't.
Dear Dr. Kant, please do not imagine that I am expressing my opinions with emotions. What made you think so? I respect your experience in the field of somatic embryogenesis with regards. However, as provided by others, literature exists to support my opinions. Again, I may disagree with you when you infer that indirect SEs wont carry over adult phase remnants. It is immaterial if the SEs are direct or indirect since the source is the same i.e., differentiated adult cell which has not undergone meiosis and therefore both direct and indirect SEs lack juvenile phase. Meaningful and complete developmental resetting takes place during gametogenesis and subsequent zygote-derived embryogenesis. If anybody has any publication which claims that SEs have juvenile phase, I shall be too glad to peruse and correct myself!
Dear Friends, Please read more on the process of aging (Chronological, physiological and ontological aging). All somatic embryos may differ in juvenility level simple in the differences in in their mother cells from which they are originating. Yes I agree with Mr Hanur that resetting molecular mechanism of age is in the process of meiosis? Mitosis (no of cell division) simply increases the maturity after each division. But I appreciate this academic discussion and with all regards to all of you.
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