Please have a look at this link.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282542578_Temperature_extremes_Effect_on_plant_growth_and_development

http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.pp.04.060153.002023?journalCode=arplant.1

Good luck

Article Temperature extremes: Effect on plant growth and development

How do you consider the base temperature at which growth is zero in order to define number of growing degrees. And , that base temperature , regardless of crops will remain the same . Growing degrees  are calculated each day as maximum temperature plus the minimum temperature divided by 2 (or the mean temperature), minus the base temperature. While growing degree units  are accumulated by adding each day’s growing degrees  contribution as the season progresses. 

You should do growing degree day [((tmax+tmin)/2 ) - tbase crop temperature] 

Please give me an example?

An example might be the date when the trees in an orchard will have flowers that will be fully opened. This means a lot if you have to consider the best day to spray against a specific fungi, for example.

Please give an example of a temperature zero of a plant for the different phenological stages?