The arrangement should be based on the input of individual but sometimes altered by giving honour to research supervisor or a superior officer at work.

The arrangement should be based on the input of individual but sometimes altered by giving honour to research supervisor or a superior officer at work.

Thanks a lot dear respected Dr. Segun Michael Abegunde and Dr. Yahia Z Hamada for adding these valuable inputs.

Regards

Authors: The person who wrote the research, who wrote the paper as its author ... For articles published and used in the paper, the names of other persons and contributors to the research are listed as other authors

J. Hartley (Academic Wriring and Publishing)

The first author is usually the person who has made the most significant intellectual contribution to the work, in terms designing the study, acquiring and analyzing data from experiments, and writing the manuscript. The importance of the first author is reflected in the common practice of referring to a paper by the first author’s name e.g. ‘Jones et al. report that…’

Most Ph.D. programs worldwide require a Ph.D. student to have at least one first-authored paper in order to qualify for a degree. So an authorship dispute would be inevitable if two Ph.D. students were to work on the same project for their degree. For post-doctoral researchers and senior professors, publishing first-authored papers is important for receiving funding and getting promoted or re-hired. Thus, the first name in an author list is the most sought-after position in a scientific publication.

After the first author, the subsequent authors are usually listed as per their contribution to the research, starting with the one who contributed the most to the least. However, sometimes multiple authors may have contributed equally, in which case the order of author names does not matter, and you can inform the journal editor of this. In order to avoid any authorship dispute, it is a good practice to discuss authorship and the order of authors at the beginning of the project itself, and keep a record of each of the contributors involved throughout the project.

The corresponding author is the one who receives all notifications from the journal including manuscript status, reviewers’ comments, and the final decision. Although journals usually perceive the role of a corresponding author as purely administrative, this role is associated with seniority in some cultures. The corresponding author is often the group leader or a senior researcher whose contact address is not likely to change in the near future. In cases where the main contributor of the study is also the group leader, he or she can be both the first and corresponding author for the study.

REF: Deciding the order of authors on a paper Shazia Khanam | Oct 16, 2013

Thank you so much dear respected Prof. Meghit Boumediene Khaled for this very nice clarification. I appreciate your excellent contribution.

Regards

Depends on the most contribution to the research and put the owner of the idea of research in the name of the introduction followed by the names of the authors .... and sometimes belong to scientific titles have a role in the sequence of researchers.

good greeting

Dear respected Dr. Zainab A Makawi, thank u so much for sharing ur opinion with us, I appreciate ur best contribution and valuable addition.

Kind regards

Very nice answer given by dear respected Ximena Verónica, thanks a lot for this valuable addition. I appreciate it.

Kind regards

Basically arrangement depends on the amount of imput/contribution of the authors

Dear colleague Dr. Hamid,

My answer is completely matching with the colleague Dr. Segun answer. However, most of the other previous answers are also in right direction.

Kind regards,

Naseer Almukhtar

Regarding the first author, I think there need not be any disputes at all. Normally, the individual who actually writes the paper may have played a major part in doing the work, and therefore, the convention is to put his/her name first in the order of authors. It is also usual that the Head of the Department, if s/he has had some part in the work, should go as the last author. The order of remaining authors, if any, can be made depending upon their relative contributions.

It is a usual convention to refer to the first author as the senior author as s/he is the primary progenitor of the work being reported. Even when the first author is a PG student, and the second is the Head of the Department, we refer the first author as the “senior author” assuming that s/he did most or all of the research.

In a scientific paper, only those who contributed substantially to the work should be listed as authors. Note that multi-authorship weakens the whole effort and adversely affects the prospects of real investigators. A simple help in taking observation, analysis, or interpretation do not entail anybody for authorship. Instead, acknowledge their help in a proper way.

It should be according to the contribution in the research and writing of paper.

But

Many times it becomes a unavoidable pressure to the student/ researcher to include some names as additional author who has no idea about the paper, but having power to do some harm to the student/ researcher by using his/ her high chair.

Dear Dr Hamid Gadouri , here are few scientific publications related with your query , hope it will be useful. It was already discussed in RG also.

https://wordvice.com/journal-article-author-order/

https://www.researchgate.net/post/In_a_multiple_author_paper_what_should_be_the_order_in_which_individual_authors_name_come

Typically, they are arranged according to the level of contributions to the research and writing the article. However, some faculty advisors on doctoral research put themselves first which is inappropriate.

First author write manuscript and others order as per contribution

If person made one paragrahe of text - he/she is coauthor. In practice, situation is more complex. I answered few times for similar questions already.

See, for example: https://www.researchgate.net/post/What_do_you_think_about_single_author_paper

I charactrised order of authors by phrase

- Therefore, using an ancient language we can decrypt some lists of authors: "Made by a apprentice Z. with the useful assistance of journeymans N., L. and M., under the supervision of good Master C. with permission of the Corporation Head famous B., in the Guild under beneficent rule of Great A., let God give him many years of life."

As per my opinion authors name in research paper should be according to the contribution in the research activities.

Arrangement should be based on contribution plus Intellectual input. Most of the time a student contribute a lot in terms of Lab-work and library search, but supervisor is gave a logical sequence. After that a student write a paper and a supervisor trims all the information. Sometimes there is support from other colleagues also and deserve to be included as co-authors.

In ideal circumstances, this depends on the proportion and size of each researcher's participation in the research work. While in fact affect other factors have nothing to do with the size of participation, especially if the research is related between students and professors.

There are 2 opposite assumptions in the order of authors on an article. The first one takes the first author to be the lead author and most important author who has given the highest contribution followed by the second author and the last author is the one with the least contribution to the paper. The second assumption follows that the last author is the most important and usually the supervisor of the project while the first author is the second most important and the middle colleagues being the least contributers

Dear Dr Hamid,

Thank you for a nice question........

Nowadays, neither any research work nor its publication in the form of a paper, process or patent is through individual effort. Rather it should be a team effort having multidimensional implications in academic world, industry as well as society.

Right from the conceptualization of the hypothesis and objective, the work proceeds through an organized and series of events concening different manpower, laboratory, resources, expertise, etc of various and diverse fields towards execution of the work, recording of observation, statistical analysis,logical interpretation and ultimately a deductive inference out of that.

Many journals have structured online format which asks about specific, precise and relative contribution of all the authors. Some even prompts for simple alphabetical arrangement according to family names(surnames), for example many top rated journals of the world.

However, the main author (s) should decide it critically and properly and he/they should primarily be the corresponding author(s) for convenience and future communications, if any.

The arrangement is often based on the most contributor to the least.

However, in students' research papers, as I have learnt in many courses in research, the supervisor is often the last author.

thanks for your nice question. A research can be conducted by 2 or more peoples from different disciplines, but what matters authors arrangement could be the contribution or effort of the authors because an authorship should not be gift.

The head of the team / lab finally comes in order, the graduate student initially, and there is often a kind of unspoken understanding of changing the order among several joint research

I agree with@Segun Michael Abegunde

I believe Mostly the Research Papers Author Ship Arrangement or sequence of names are based on Contributions of the Authors. Also some students research papers the supervisor name is in the last. Regards

The author names are arranged depending on how much work effort they have put in it. Usually, the first and the second authors play a vital role in the framework of a manuscript.

Agreed it's based on the individual author contributions.

1st number who had done the research work or most efficient contribution second onwards all team members of research group.

it is supposed to depend on participation..

On who has a greater effort in the subject, or the oldest scientific ranking.

Very nice answers by all my respected RG-colleagues, thanks a lot for sharing your opinions, I appreciate them.

Best withes

In the late seventy's and eighty's of the last century, usually the first author is the most senior one followed by the others. Lately it is changed sometimes you see the student name appear first followed by his supervisor. Every thing is changing with time even the publication ethics.

ccording to the contributions put in by the various authors. The name of the originator of the topic and/or someone who contributed more in the accomplishment of the research comes first before those of other authours. Though in my country Nigeria, most times the name of the supervisor of the research comes first even though he didnt contribute much. I don't know if its same in other countries.

This is due to the terms of each journal or scientific site in the method of writing. However, on the whole, the last name of the researcher and the first names shall be used as a summary, the year of publication, the title of the research and the destination of the publication. However, the sites of these terms may vary according to the publisher

Some times boss or supervisors wrongly considered as main authors and the main contributors follow

Usually the name of the first author of the supervisor. Sometimes the authors agree on how to arrange names.

An important question,

As many colleagues said, the first author should be the one who do the more efforts and a major work.

but again, many Supervisors, Deans, Head of Departments, .etc.. put their names (or their names putted) at first for a reason or other. Especially if the research done by a student, or employee.

May be this was the rules years ago, but this need to be stopped.

Definitely they Know that rules had been changed. but being the first author is still tempting.

It is base on their contribution from the first, which is the highest contribution, and so on

According to the agreement

I think it depends on the mutual agreement between the authors

I totally agree with Dr. Shibabrata Pattanayak. The arrangement of the authors' names in scientific papers should totally depend on the contribution of the individual authors.

I totally agree with Dr. Shibabrata Pattanayak. The arrangement of the authors' names in scientific papers should totally be based on the contribution of the individual authors.

Segun Michael Abegunde

Jihad Ahmed Younis

Dickson Adom

Ethically, the arrangement of the list of authors on a paper is determined by the 'amount' of contribution by individuals involved. Publication ethics require that the person with the blueprint or who initiated the idea for the study and contributed majorly to the work is listed first, followed by others according to their involvement.

In a situation where the paper is published by an author and his/her supervisor(s), same ethical consideration applies. The Student first and the supervisors last... in terms of seniority.

I agree with the answer of Ximena Verónica Calderón Baltierra, Borden Mushonga, Amit Baran Sharangi, Segun Michael Abegunde, Yahia Z Hamada

For me: The first author is usually the person who gave the highest contribution, prepared the manuscript and divided work tasks between other authors. The first author is often the idea maker. The idea maker can be also the research supervisor who very often is given as the second or last author.

It must be according to the contributions of the individual authors.

This question raises a nettlesome issue that plagues most authors.

The old adage that a glance is enough for an intelligent person. In the context of how to order the coauthors of a research paper, the old adage suggests that each author's presence as a coauthor confirms that each author is important in the paper.

So, contrary to popular opinion, the best approach in listing the coauthors of a research paper is alphabetical ordering.

I believe that a co-authored Scientific paper is just like a building to which each single brick contributes significantly. This means that all bricks are equal ( sure some bricks are NOT more equal than others), therefore it will make sense if authors’ names are arranged alphabetically.

It’s all arranged by senior member of that particular group.

Dr Hamid Gadouri , I think its based on the contributions given by the authors. Not sure, if there are other factors to determine it.

The first author could be a PhD student or the research idea composer.

If a professor has a PhD student, then student is on the position of the first author and professor is the last author, and these two positions are considered as the most important ones.

Dear all,

Based on above opinions, I think that most of the colleagues' answers agree that the "order" of the authors' names in a scientific article is based on the "percentage of contribution" of each author.

Thanks a lot for your nice addition.

Best regards

The first author is usually the person who made the most intellectual contribution depending on the ranking of individual input but may sometimes be changed by granting honor to the supervisor

As far as I know, the determining factor in choosing first author in a paper is the participation of each researcher.

The arrangement should be according to contribution of each author.

Hamid,

Excellent conclusion!

• The “first author” is a coveted position because of the increased visibility. This author is the first name readers will see, and because of various citation rules, the first author may be the only name visible. In-text or bibliographic referencing rules, for example, could reduce all other named authors to “et al.” Because of this fact, readers may falsely associate the first author with someone having more importance.
• Traditionally, the last author position is reserved for the supervisor or principal investigator. As such, this person receives much of the credit when the research goes well and the flak when things go wrong. The last author may also be the corresponding author, the person who is the primary contact for journal editors.
• Given that there is no uniform rule about author order, readers may find it difficult to assess the nature of an author’s contribution to a research project. To address this issue, some journals, particularly medical ones, insist on detailed author contribution notes. Nevertheless, even this tactic does little to counter how strongly citation rules have enhanced the attention first-named authors receive.

Hi dear friend, According to international definition of a paper, the first author, is a person that write the article, and other authors, help to write the article.and the latest authors get less score from the paper, and the best score is for the first author, for a paper with 3 authors, the first author get 80% score, the second author 50% and the third author, 50%

a paper with 2 authors, the first author get 90% and the second author get 60% score. the best regards, Amin

Thanks dear Ximena.

The presence of several co-authors in a research work indicates that each one of them made relevant contributions in terms of the totality of the same. The order does not indicate who did more or less. Established rules, of international character, clarify that order must be alphabetical .

Imagine for a moment that there was a paper and that it had as co-authors to Gauss, Leibnitz and Newton. That must be the order, alphabetically exposed; Does this indicate that one is more than another? Or that the first contributed more?

One more question. Would it allow any author to involve in the work someone who did not contribute something?

Regards.

Thank u so much dear Dr. Srdjan Atanasijevic and Dr. Jorge Eliecer Hernandez Hernandez for ur nice answers. I appreciate them.

Regards

It all depends on your motivation. Recall the famous paper on nucleosynthesis whose authorship was listed as R. Alpher, H. Bethe, G. Gamow otherwise known as the "αβγ paper". The work was actually done and the paper written by Ralph Alpher and George Gamow. Hans Bethe was invited to be a co-author for rather obvious artistic/linguistic reasons.

When you apply for a job in the description there is "you should be the first author on so and so many publications". First author is the responsible author or the one who is going to put forward his/her thesis. The last author is the one who is in the senior position, perhaps the one who got the money for the research or is the head of the laboratory and so on.

Indian J Plast Surg. 2010 Jul-Dec; 43(2): 233–234.doi: 10.4103/0970-0358.73482PMCID: PMC3010799PMID: 21217997

Authorship issue explained

There is no problem, if this researcher graduated from a University and received a higher degree in specialization and has scientific qualifications

The first author in the scientific paper did a research and he has the main idea of the research.

When I was PhD student, I always kept my name as first author. Now, I am always 2nd or 3rd author, just for the sake to encourage my PhD students. When I worked out my own paper, I am the first author.

We should encourage our young researchers and give them an opportunity to build their career.

Someone was telling me corresponding author has the most credit. Is this true ?

Authorship of an article is arranged according to the authors' contribution. First author is supposed to contribute most. But there are exceptions (mostly conferences) in some fields, where manuscript preparation guideline suggests to arrange authors' name alphabetically.

Doriana Vinci

It depends largely on participation rate. Usually the researcher that developed the framework for the study/paper can be said to have contributed the most.

In situations where the study/paper is for a project student and his/her supervisor, the names of the supervisor(s) appear last on the list... Of course, following the rules of seniority.

Thank you very much for your construction suggestions, I am the one among the young researchers your support pertaining to knowledge improvement is paramount for us