My company is in a position in this field to atomize the ODNs onto the balloons with some very special equipment that we manufacture. Before I begin the testing here, I am hoping to get some information from people experienced in this field regarding the safety of handling the ODNs. Do you believe there is any risk to humans operating the spraying equipment? If there is exposure to ODNs on the scale of 10 ppm in the atmosphere outside my coating machine, are there extra measures that I might need to take to protect the personnel conducting the operation?
Dear Robb,
I must say that I do not have any experience in this field, however, I have a vast interest in this kind of agents.
The attached paper published in Gene Therapy (April 2002, Volume 9, Number 8, Pages 488-494) discusses the toxicity of decoy ODN in monkeys and the results revealed that there is no toxicity at all. Since monkeys have close similarity to humans, it might be that this agent is not toxic to humans.
1-The paper abstract:
Abstract
Transcription factor E2F plays a pivotal role in the transactivation of cell cycle regulatory genes, leading to vascular lesion formation. Double-stranded DNA with high affinity for E2F as 'decoy' cis elements may block the activation of genes mediating the cell cycle, resulting in an effective therapeutic agent for treating intimal hyperplasia. In this study, we tested the feasibility of E2F decoy therapy to treat neointimal formation in a porcine coronary artery balloon injury model. An angioplasty catheter was inserted in the left anterior descending coronary artery of pigs to cause vascular injury. Initially, we tested the feasibility of transfection of FITC-labeled E2F decoy ODN using a hydrogel balloon catheter. Fluorescence due to E2F decoy ODN could be detected throughout the medial layer. Therefore, we transfected E2F decoy ODN into the balloon-injured artery using hydrogel catheter. Of importance, intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and histological evaluation demonstrated that plaque area in the balloon-injured artery was significantly reduced by E2F decoy ODN compared with mismatched decoy ODN at 1 month after a single transfection (P < 0.01). In contrast, luminal and total vessel areas were significantly increased in vessels treated with E2F decoy ODN as compared with mismatched decoy. Endothelial function after angioplasty was not affected by E2F decoy transfection. Finally, we tested the acute toxicity of E2F decoy ODN in monkeys, and no apparent side-effects were detected. Here, we report the successful in vivo transfer of E2F decoy ODN using a hydrogel catheter to inhibit vascular lesion formation in balloon-injured porcine coronary artery without any apparent side-effects.
Gene Therapy 2001 9, 488-494. DOI: 10.1038/sj/gt/3301679.
2-There is another paper discussing the use of this kind of agents but for other purposes. The study indicated in the paper revealed no in-vitro or in-vivo toxicity.
Lack of toxicity of a STAT3 decoy oligonucleotide
Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2009 May; 63(6): 983–995.
Abstract:
Abstract
Background
STAT3 overexpression has been detected in several cancers including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Previous studies using intratumoral administration of a STAT3 decoy oligonucleotide that abrogates STAT3-mediated gene transcription in preclinical cancer models have demonstrated antitumor efficacy. This study was conducted to observe the toxicity and biologic effects of the STAT3 decoy in a non-human primate model, in anticipation of initiating a clinical trial in HNSCC patients.
Methods
Three study groups (two monkeys/sex/group) were administered a single intramuscular injection of low dose of STAT3 decoy (0.8 mg total dose/monkey), high dose of STAT3 decoy (3.2 mg total dose/monkey) or vehicle control (PBS alone) on day 1 and necropsies were performed on days 2 and 15 (one monkey/sex/group/day). Low and high doses of the decoy were administered in the muscle in a volume of 0.9 ml. Tissue and blood were harvested for toxicology and biologic analyses.
Results
Upon observation, the STAT3 decoy-treated animals exhibited behavior that was similar to the vehicle control group. Individual animal body weights remained within 1% of pretreatment weights throughout the study. Hematological parameters were not significantly different between the control and the treatment groups. Clinical chemistry fluctuations were considered within normal limits and were not attributed to the STAT3 decoy. Assessment of complement activation breakdown product (Bb) levels demonstrated no activation of the alternative pathway of complement in any animal at any dose level. At necropsy, there were no gross or microscopic findings attributed to STAT3 decoy in any organ examined. STAT3 target gene expression at the injection site revealed decreased Bcl-XL and cyclin D1 expression levels in the animals treated with high dose of STAT3 decoy compared to the animals injected with low dose of STAT3 decoy or the vehicle as control.
Conclusion
Based on these findings, the no-observable-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) was greater than 3.2 mg/kg when administered as a single dose to male and female Cynomolgus monkeys. Plans are underway to test the safety and biologic effects of intratumoral administration of the STAT3 decoy in HNSCC patients.
Keywords: STAT3 decoy, Toxicity
Hoping this will be helpful,
Rafik
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