Scientist and engineers have developed many new nanomaterial and their related applications .Nanomaterials as defined in a 2011 Commission Recommendation are materials which often have specific properties due to their small particle size.Nanotechnology/Manufactured Nanomaterials is an exciting new field that promises a broad array of benefits to humans and our environment. However, with these clear benefits come potential risks to the environment and human health - risks that, to-date, are not fully known.
Http://www.epa.gov/nanoscience/quickfinder/hh_effects.htm
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/08/130821124554.htm
some recent developments in tackling those issues.
The ability to control and make nanoparticles of various sizes and shapes for various industrial, buisness,medical, agricultural, and other relevant applications, is innovative. Significant advances in nanoscience and nanotechnology have been reported. There have been concerns that the wide production and utilization of nanomaterials is rapidly overtaking efforts to evaluate their toxicity to humans and the environment. Very few studies have been reported on the evaluation of the impact of nanomaterials on human health.It is necessary to generate more scientific data regarding the toxicology, risk assessment and management of nanomaterials etc.
Chemists develop 'fresh, new' approach to making alloy nanomaterials.Chemists in The College of Arts and Sciences have figured out how to synthesize nanomaterials with stainless steel-like interfaces. Their discovery may change how the form and structure of nanomaterials are manipulated, particularly those used for gas storage, heterogeneous catalysis and lithium-ion batteries.
http://phys.org/news/2013-08-chemists-fresh-approach-alloy-nanomaterials.html
Nanomaterials due to their exceptional properties have found applications in almost all fields. The environmental risks caused by them can also be monitored by the same family of nanomaterials by their use as biosensors. The follwing work gives a review of how nanomaterials can serve as biosensors for environment monitoring .
http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2012/jm/c2jm33284a#!divAbstract
Nanotechnology provides many opportunities for industry to design and engineer new products and optimization of the processes. Applications In the biomedical areas involving silver nanoparticle based antimicrobial products, nanoparticles for drug delivery and developing new drug candidates are currently being established. The nanomaterials and nanotechnology also offer a wide range of advantages in water purification and new photocatalysts for industrial processes. However,more information is to be generated on the biological impact of these materials.
Zinc oxide nano powder synthesis is carried by a single step simple and fast combustion synthesis using Zinc nitrate as precursor, HMTA as fuel material and non-ionic surfactant (Triton-X 100)
http://10.4236/anp.2013.21009
Nanoparticle blast caught on film,Combustion could help to make minuscule matter.Nature 492, 16–17 (06 December 2012)
http://10.1038/492016a
Magnetic nanoparticles could aid heat dissipation.Particles suspended in cooling water could prevent hotspots in nuclear plant cooling systems and electronics.Hu, associate director of MIT’s Nuclear Reactor Laboratory, says the new results are the culmination of several years of research on nanofluids — nanoparticles dissolved in water. The new work involved experiments where the magnetite nanofluid flowed through tubes and was manipulated by magnets placed on the outside of the tubes.
There could be numerous applications for such a system, Buongiorno says: “You can think of other systems that require not necessarily systemwide cooling, but localized cooling.” For example, microchips and other electronic systems may have areas that are subject to strong heating. New devices such as “lab on a chip” microsystems could also benefit from such selective cooling, he says.http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2013/magnetic-nanoparticles-could-aid-heat-dissipation-1119.html
Researchers from KAIST have developed a composite nanomaterial. The nanomaterial consists of graphene inserted in copper and nickel and exhibits strengths 500 times and 180 times, respectively, greater than that of pure metals. The result of the research effort was published on the July 2nd online edition in Nature Communications journal.Professor Han, who led the research effort, commented "the result is astounding as 0.00004% in weight of graphene increased the strength of the materials by hundreds of times" and that "improvements based on this success, especially enabling mass production with roll-to-roll process or metal sintering process, in the production of automobile and spacecraft lightweight, ultra-high strength parts may become possible." In addition Professor Han mentioned that "the new material can be applied to coating material for nuclear reactor construction or other structural materials requiring high reliability."
Read more at: http://phys.org/news/2013-08-ultra-high-strength-metamaterial-graphene.html#jCp
Nanotechnology has now opened that possibility for lumped optical circuit elements, allowing construction of structures that have dimensions measured in nanometers. In this experiment's case, the structure was comb-like arrays of rectangular nanorods made of silicon nitrite.
Read more: http://www.nanowerk.com/news/newsid=24385.php#ixzz2oNY3lcmM
Fiber laser annealing of indium-tin-oxide nanoparticles for large area transparent conductive layers and optical film characterization.laser annealing generates higher electrical conductivity than conventional, thermally annealed nanoparticle films. The optical and electrical properties of the annealed ITO films can also be altered by adjusting laser parameters and environmental gases.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00339-011-6397-x
Nano materials could enable large,flexible touch screen.According to Cambrios,the material can be rolled and unrolled over 100,000 times without breaking, in contrast to days touch screens, which are made of brittle indium tin oxide films.3M will begin selling flexible transparent conducive film made of silver nanowires for use in touch screens. Katherine Bourzac,2014 MIT technology review.
In the solar energy field researchers are using the latest developments in nanotechnology to work on very small solar cells. Researchers are testing different ways to make them more efficient. Flexible sheets of organic solar cells have entered another niche than silicon-based solar cells
http://www.youris.com/Energy/Solar_Energy/The_Latest_Developments_In_Nanotechnology_For_Solar_Energy.kl
Nanotechnology can be used in soil monitoring.by using low cost sensors,farmer can be helped to choose right kind of fertiliser. The technology developed in nanosniff helps to detect the presence of explosives.
Research in nanotechnology in India is on an upswing given the substantial investments in the past two decades. Making an impact globally will now require investing in education, entrepreneurship, translational science, infrastructure for manufacturing, and changing the administrative mindset.
http://www.nature.com/nnano/journal/v9/n7/full/nnano.2014.138.html
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