Depending on what other impurities you might have in your sample and what the concentration is, UV spectroscopy might indeed work, provided you have a calibration curve. What we use as a standard tool is ion chromatography. There are also HPLC methods which will help you to determine the cation concentration.
How could I prepare serial dilutions of ILs in order to obtain a calibration curve, using either Ion chromatography or UV spectroscopy? This is the main problem to deal with, since ILs serial dilutions with water or other solvent could underestimate the obtained results.
Why do you think it would underestimate your results? As long as your calibration curve is within the concentration range of your sample and you do not have other impurities in the sample which could influence the measurement it should be OK, I think.
It is no matter you are making dilutions in water or some organic solvent. I am also working with imidazolium based ionic liquid and prepared it's molar solution in ethanol. After running ethanol as blank, you can easily measure ionic liquid concentration in solution using UV-VIS spectroscopy following Beer-Lambert law.