No.

Md. Abul Kalam Azad, the term "earthworm" encompasses many species of worm, a few of which are commonly used in vermicomposting. Eisenia fetida (tiger worm), Eisenia andrei (red worm), and Eudrilus eugeniae (African Nightcrawler) are all frequently used given their beneficial characteristics. These include relatively small size, a high reproductive rate and organic matter consumption, and a short life-span (r-strategists), as well as thriving and being commonly found in wastes and composts, while tolerating the process conditions. Any species or type of worm with similar properties and that do not produce harmful biproducts could be considered, or we could breed worms seeking to favor the expression of these traits.

If you are looking to avoid the use of earthworms, why not consider traditional composting? Otherwise, what is your aim? Do you want to optimize the vermicomposting process? In which case I think there are many ways of going about this, but I do not think transitioning away from earthworms is the best strategy.

Cheers

Since 'vermi' in vermicomposting means worm, you are either in need of some type of worm to make vermicompost or you want to make some other type of compost. Eric Walling has some good suggestions and I might suggest that there may be some other animal capable of producing a compost in conjunction with other composting methods.

In Vermicomposting, since the use of earthworms is primary, you can't think of replacing them unless next species with similar characteristics are available. If you are having problem with it's availability, you can easily transport them. Else, you can go for normal composting process. Happy Composting!

You can buy Vermicompost or can use cowdung or poultry waste or organic compost.

Vermicomposting in itself means the use of worms in composting. So it is impossible to do vermicomposting without earthworms.

I am glad that several of you agree with me on the name of the compost and that it began using earthworms. But since 'vermi-' means worm, we do not have to rule out other vermes when looking to expand organisms that can help. A great addition that should not be overlooked is the black soldier fly larvae. They are actively used in food composting where they can build up large populations rapidly and prevent some of the odors of rotting food. The larvae can then be used to extract oils, feed for fish/birds, and the compost is also quite rich in nutrients (could be mixed with lower nutrient compost for economic purposes).

Since you would be using insects instead of worms another term should be used, maybe larvae-composting or insect-composting.